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Franciscans are people and groups (religious orders) who adhere to the teachings and spiritual disciplines of St Francis of Assisi and of his main associates and followers, such as St Clare of Assisi, St Anthony of Padua, and St Elizabeth of Hungary, among many others. The term is usually applied to members who also adhere to the Roman Catholic Church. However, other denominations also have members who describe themselves as Franciscans. They include Old Catholic, Anglican, and Lutheran. Franciscans observants in Poland and Lithuania are known as Bernardines, after Bernardino of Siena, although the term elsewhere refers to Cistercians instead. The Franciscan Order is also sometimes referred to as the Seraphic Order.〔("Seraphic Order" ), ''New Catholic Dictionary''. 4 September 2006. Retrieved 25 November 2012.〕 ==Organization and names== There are three main orders of Catholic Franciscans, with their subdivisions. * The First Order or the "Order of Friars Minor" are commonly called simply the "Franciscans". This Order is a mendicant religious order of men, some of whom trace their origin to Francis of Assisi. Their official Latin name is the ''Ordo Fratrum Minorum''. St. Francis thus referred to his followers as "Fraticelli", meaning "Little Brothers". Franciscan brothers are informally called friars or the Minorites. :The modern organization of the Friars Minor comprises three separate family or groups, each considered a religious order in its own right under its own minister General and with particular type of governance. They all live according to a body of regulations known as the Rule of St Francis.〔 These are :: * The "Observants", most commonly simply called Franciscan friars,〔 official name: the "Friars Minor" (OFM).〔 :: * The Order of Friars Minor Capuchin or simply Capuchins,〔 official name: the "Friars Minor Capuchin" (OFM Cap).〔 :: * The Conventual Franciscans or Minorites,〔 official name: the "Friars Minor Conventual" (OFM Conv).〔 * The Second Order, most commonly called Poor Clares in English-speaking countries, consists of religious sisters. The order is called the Order of St. Clare (O.S.C.), but in the thirteenth century, prior to 1263, this order was referred to as "The Poor Ladies", "The Poor Enclosed Nuns", and "The Order of San Damiano".〔See Maria Pia Alberzoni, (''Clare of Assisi and the Poor Sisters in the Thirteenth Century'' (St. Bonaventure, NY: Franciscan Institute, 2004). )〕 * The Franciscan third order, known as the Third Order of Saint Francis, has many men and women members, separated into two main branches: :: * The Secular Franciscan Order, OFS, originally known as the Brothers and Sisters of Penance or Third Order of Penance, try to live the ideals of the movement in their daily lives outside of religious institutes. :: * The members of the Third Order Regular (TOR) live in religious communities under the traditional religious vows. They grew out of the Secular Franciscan Order. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Franciscan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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