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Kalpa (Vedanga)
Kalpa is one of the six disciplines of the Vedanga, concerning ritual.
Tradition does not single out any special work in this branch of the Vedanga; but sacrificial practice gave rise to a large number of systematic sutras for the several classes of priests. A number of these works have been passed down, and they occupy by far the most prominent place among the literary productions of the sūtra-period. The Kalpa-sūtras, or rules of ceremonial, are of two kinds: (1) the ''Śrautasūtra''s, which are based on the ''śruti'', and teach the performance of the great sacrifices, requiring three or five sacrificial fires; and (2) the ''Smartasūtra''s, or rules based on the ''smrti'' or tradition. The latter class again includes two kinds of treatises: (1) the ''Gṛhyasutra''s,〔Hermann Oldenberg, trans., Max Müller, ed. Sacred Books of the East Vol. XXIX, ("The Grihya-sûtras, rules of Vedic domestic ceremonies" ), part 1, Oxford, The Clarendon press 1886〕〔Hermann Oldenberg, trans., Max Müller, trans. Sacred Books of the East Vol. XXX, ("The Grihya-sûtras, rules of Vedic domestic ceremonies" ), part 2, Oxford, The Clarendon press 1892〕 or domestic rules, treating the rites of passage, such as marriage, birth, namegiving, etc., connected with simple offerings into the domestic fire; and (2) the ''Dharmasutra''s, which treat customs and social duties, and have formed the chief sources of the later law-books. Further, the Śrauta-sūtras of the Yajurveda have usually include a set of so-called ''Shulba Sutras'', i.e. rules of the cord, which treat of the measurement by means of cords, and the construction, of different kinds of altars required for sacrifices. These treatises are of special interest as supplying important information regarding the earliest geometrical operations in India. Along with the Sutras may be classed a large number of supplementary treatises, usually called ''Pariśiṣṭa'', on various subjects connected with the sacred texts and Vedic religion generally.
==Śrauta Sutras==
The Śrautasutras (') form a part of the corpus of Sanskrit sutra literature. Their topics include instructions relating to the use of the śruti corpus in ritual ('kalpa') and the correct performance of these rituals. Some early Śrautasutras were composed in the late Brahmana period (such as the Baudhyanana and Vadhula Sutras), but the bulk of the Śrautasutras are roughly contemporary to the Gṛhya corpus of domestic sutras, their language being late Vedic Sanskrit, dating to the middle of the first millennium BCE (generally predating Pāṇini).
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