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The term groupie is derived from group, in reference to a musical group, but the word is also used in a more general sense, especially in casual conversation, to mean a particular kind of female fan assumed to be more interested in relationships with rockstars than in their music. A groupie is generally considered a devoted female fan of a band or musical performer. The term originates from the female attaching herself to a band. A groupie is considered more intense about her adored celebrities than a fan and tends to follow them from place to place. A groupie will attempt to have a connection with the band and may seek intimate contact. Obsessive groupies will almost certainly involve themselves sexually with any members of the band including the roadies. Further, there are groupies of sports teams and many other types of celebrities. ==Origin in music== The word ''groupie'' originated around 1965 to describe teen-aged girls or young women who sought brief liaisons with musicians. The phenomenon itself was much older; Mary McCarthy had earlier described it in her novel ''The Company She Keeps'' (1942). Some sources have attributed the coining of the word to the Rolling Stones bassist Bill Wyman during the group's 1965 Australian tour;〔Leah Pickett, ("Groupies, past and present: the muses behind the music" ), WBEZ, August 2, 2013.〕 but Wyman said he and his bandmates used other "code words" for women on tour.〔Bill Wyman, ''Bill Wyman, Stone Alone: The Story of a Rock 'n' Roll Band'' (Da Capo Press, 1997), ISBN 978-0306807831, (p. 294 ).〕 A prominent explanation of the ''groupie'' concept came from ''Rolling Stone'' magazine, which published an issue devoted to the topic, ''Groupies: The Girls of Rock'' (February 1969), which emphasized the sexual behavior of rock musicians and groupies. ''TIME Magazine'' published an article, "Manners And Morals: The Groupies", later that month. Also that year, British journalist Jenny Fabian and Johnny Byrne released a largely autobiographical book called ''Groupie'' (1969). The following year, a documentary film titled ''Groupies'' (1970) was released. Female groupies in particular have a long-standing reputation of being available to celebrities, pop stars, rock stars and other public figures. Led Zeppelin singer Robert Plant is quoted as distinguishing between fans who wanted brief sexual encounters, and "groupies" who traveled with musicians for extended periods of time, acting as a surrogate girlfriend, and often taking care of the musician's wardrobe and social life.〔Davis, Stephen. ''Hammer of the Gods: The Led Zeppelin Saga'' (1985)〕 Nancy Spungen, who became the partner of Sid Vicious of The Sex Pistols, is one such example; women adopting this role are sometimes referred to as "road wives". Cynthia Plaster Caster, Cleo Odzer, and The GTOs ("Girls Together Outrageously"), with Pamela Des Barres, in particular, as de facto spokeswoman, are probably the best known groupies of this type. Musician Frank Zappa organized "The GTOs" in the late 1960s. The band comprised seven young women: Miss Pamela (Pamela Des Barres), Miss Sparky (Linda Sue Parker), Miss Lucy (Lucy McLaren), Miss Christine (Christine Frka), Miss Sandra (Sandra Leano), Miss Mercy (Mercy Fontentot), and Miss Cynderella (Cynthia Cale-Binion). A characteristic that may classify one as a groupie is a promiscuous reputation. Connie Hamzy, also known as "Sweet Connie", a prominent groupie in the 1960s, argues in favor of the groupie movement and defends her chosen lifestyle by saying, "Look we're not hookers, we loved the glamour". However, her openness regarding her sexual endeavors with various rock stars is exactly what has enhanced the negative connotations surrounding her type. For example, she stated in a the ''Los Angeles Times'' article "Pop & Hiss" (December 15, 2010): "Hamzy, unlike the other groupies, was never looking to build relationships. She was after sex, and she unabashedly shared intimate moments with virtually every rock star – even their roadies – who came through Arkansas." Des Barres, who wrote two books detailing her experiences as a groupie – ''I'm With The Band'' (1987)〔Pamela Des Barres (1987). (''I'm with the Band: Confessions of a Groupie'' )〕 and ''Take Another Little Piece of My Heart: A Groupie Grows Up'' (1993)〔Pamela Des Barres (1987). (''Take Another Little Piece of My Heart: A Groupie Grows Up'' )〕 – as well as another non-fiction book, ''Rock Bottom: Dark Moments in Music Babylon'', asserts that a groupie is to a rock band as Mary Magdalene was to Jesus.〔''Publishers Weekly'', (Review of ''Let's Spend the Night Together'' ) on Amazon.com〕 Her most recent book, ''Let's Spend the Night Together'' (2007), is a collection of wildly varied interviews with classic "old school" groupies including Catherine James, Connie Hamzy, Cherry Vanilla, Dee Dee Keel, Margaret Moser, as well '80's and '90's groupies including Pleasant Gehman, Patti Johnsen, and Lexa Vonn. Des Barres described Keel as: "One of the most intimidating dolls... a slim strawberry blonde who won the highly prized job of Whisky office manager after her predecessor Gail Sloatman met Frank Zappa and became what we all wanted to be." Keel was one of the few who stayed connected in Hollywood and with bands for nearly three decades. Des Barres, who married rock singer/actor Michael Des Barres, also persuaded cult actress Tura Satana, singer and model Bebe Buell, actress Patti D'Arbanville, and Cassandra Peterson, better known as Elvira, Mistress of the Dark to talk about their relationships with musicians. Also according to Des Barres' book, there is at least one male groupie, Pleather, who followed female celebrities such as Courtney Love and members of the 1980s pop group the Bangles. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Groupie」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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