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Groupoid : ウィキペディア英語版
Groupoid


In mathematics, especially in category theory and homotopy theory, a groupoid (less often Brandt groupoid or virtual group) generalises the notion of group in several equivalent ways. A groupoid can be seen as a:
*''Group'' with a partial function replacing the binary operation;
*''Category'' in which every morphism is invertible. A category of this sort can be viewed as augmented with a unary operation, called ''inverse'' by analogy with group theory. Notice that a groupoid where there is only one object is a usual group.
Special cases include:
*''Setoids'', that is: sets that come with an equivalence relation;
*''G-sets'', sets equipped with an action of a group ''G''.
Groupoids are often used to reason about geometrical objects such as manifolds. introduced groupoids implicitly via Brandt semigroups.〔(Brandt semigroup ) in Springer Encyclopaedia of Mathematics - ISBN 1-4020-0609-8〕
== Definitions ==

A groupoid is an algebraic structure (G,\ast) consisting of a non-empty set G and a binary partial function '\ast' defined on G.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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