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The Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany () is the constitutional law of the Federal Republic of Germany. It was approved on 8 May 1949 in Bonn, and, with the signature of the western Allies of World War II on 12 May, came into effect on 23 May. Its original field of application () comprised the states of the Trizone that were initially included in the then West German Federal Republic of Germany, but not West Berlin. The German word ''Grundgesetz'' may be translated as either ''Basic Law'' or ''Fundamental Law'' (''Grund'' is cognate with the English word ''ground''). The term ''Verfassung'' (constitution) was not used, as the drafters regarded the ''Grundgesetz'' as temporary for the provisional West German state and that a constitution be formally enacted under the provision of Article 146 of the Basic Law for an ultimate reunified Germany. The authors of the Basic Law sought to ensure that a potential dictator would never again have the chance to come into power in the country. Although some of the Basic Law is based on the Weimar republic constitution, the authors also ensured that human rights and human dignity was made the central and core part of the Basic Law. The principles of democracy, republicanism, social responsibility, and federalism are key components of the Basic Law; these principles are constitutionally entrenched, and they cannot be removed or repealed by the normal amendment process. ==Fundamental rights== (詳細は"A RIGHT TO HAVE RIGHTS – THE GERMAN CONSTITUTIONAL CONCEPT OF HUMAN DIGNITY" ), ''NUJS LAW REVIEW'', January 2, 2015〕 In the fundamental law most fundamental rights are guaranteed in the first section of the same name (Article 1 and 19). They are subjective public rights with constitutional rank which bind all authorities of the state. For the case that the fundamental rights are violated and also the legal protection before the remaining courts fails, the fundamental law provides with the constitutional complaint an extraordinary appeal to the Federal Constitutional Court (Article 93 paragraphs 1 No. 4a Basic Law). According to this regulation the Federal Constitutional Court can be called not only against the violation by fundamental rights, but also by violation "of the rights set out in Article 20 paragraph 4 and Articles 33, 38, 101, 103 and 104".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Article 93 of the Basic Law (Grundgesetz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland)– )〕 Hence, these rights are called the rights identical to fundamental rights. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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