| 翻訳と辞書 |
Gryponyx
''Gryponyx'' (meaning "hooked-claw") is an extinct genus of massopod sauropodomorph known from southern Free State, central South Africa.〔Broom, R. (1911). On the dinosaurs of the Stormberg, South Africa. ''Annals of the South African Museum'' 7(4):291-308.〕
==Description==
''Gryponyx africanus'' is known from the holotype SAM 3357-59, a nearly complete postcranial skeleton which includes partial vertebral column, pelvis, both forelimbs and both hindlimbs. ''Gryponyx'' has been estimated to have been about in length. It was collected from the Upper Elliot Formation of the Stormberg Group (Karoo Basin), dating to the Hettangian to Sinemurian stages of the Lower Jurassic period.〔
It was originally described by Broom (1911) as a theropod.〔 Huene (1932) named the family Gryponychidae to contain ''Gryponyx'' and ''Aetonyx'' and placed it within Carnosauria.〔Friedrich von Huene (1932) Die fossile Reptil-Ordnung Saurischia, ihre Entwicklung und Geschichte. ''Monographien zur Geologie und Paläontologie, Series 1'' 4: 1–361〕 Galton and Cluver synonymized ''G. africanus'' with ''Massospondylus harriesi'' in 1976,〔Galton, P.M., and Cluver, M.A. (1976). ''Anchisaurus capensis'' (Broom) and a revision of the Anchisauridae (Reptilia, Saurischia). ''Annals of the South African Museum'' 69(6):121-159.〕 which was in turn synonymized by Michael Cooper in 1981 with ''Massospondylus carinatus''〔Cooper, M.R. (1981). The prosauropod dinosaur ''Massospondylus carinatus'' Owen from Zimbabwe: its biology, mode of life and phylogenetic significance. ''Occasional Papers of the National Museums and Monuments of Rhodesia, Series B, Natural Sciences'' 6(10):689-840.〕 (and today ''M. harriesi'' is considered to be a nomen dubium).〔Galton, P.M., and Upchurch, P. (2004). Prosauropoda. In: D. B. Weishampel, P. Dodson, & H. Osmólska (eds.), ''The Dinosauria'' (second edition). University of California Press:Berkeley, 232-258. ISBN 0-520-24209-2〕 However, Vasconcelos and Yates (2004) found ''Gryponyx'' to be distinctive enough from other basal sauropodomorphs to be placed in its own genus. They found that it differs from other taxa by the following characteristics: total length of metacarpal I exceeds maximum proximal width and a long, narrow pubic apron with straight lateral margins. Although this publication wasn't formal, they conducted a cladistic analysis using Yates (2004) sauropodomorph matrix and found ''Gryponyx'' to be the most basal massospondylid.〔C. C. Vasconcelos, A. M. Yates (2004). Sauropodomorph biodiversity of the upper Elliot Formation (Lower Jurassic) of southern Africa. ''Geoscience Africa, Abstract Volume'' 2:670.〕 The same result was found by Lü ''et al.'' (2010). Yates ''et al.'' (2010) recovered ''Gryponyx'' in a trichotomy with Massospondylidae and Anchisauria. However, ''Gryponyx'' has yet to be formally redescribed.
Two additional species of ''Gryponyx'' have been described: ''G. transvaalensis'' was described on the basis of finger bones and the anterior limb metatarsals from the Late Triassic Bushveld Sandstone Formation, Transvaal. ''G. taylori'' was described on the basis of sacral and pelvic rim from the Upper Elliot Formation, southern Free State.〔 Galton and Cluver (1976) synonymized ''G. taylori'' with ''M. harriesi'' and considered ''G. transvaalensis'' to be a nomen dubium.〔 Both ''G. taylori'' and ''G. transvaalensis'' were synonymized by Michael Cooper (1981) with ''M. carinatus''〔 and Galton and Upchurch (2004) considered them to be dubious.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Gryponyx」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|