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Guilloché
Guilloché (or guilloche) is a decorative technique in which a very precise, intricate and repetitive pattern is mechanically engraved into an underlying material via engine turning, which uses a machine of the same name, also called a rose engine lathe. This mechanical technique improved on more time-consuming designs achieved by hand and allowed for greater delicacy, precision, and closeness of line, as well as greater speed.
The term "guilloche" is also used more generally for repetitive architectural patterns of intersecting or overlapping spirals or other shapes, as used in the Ancient Near East, classical Greece and Rome and neo-classical architecture, and Early Medieval interlace decoration in Anglo-Saxon art and elsewhere. Medieval Cosmatesque stone inlay designs with two ribbons winding around a series of regular central points are very often called guilloche. These central points are often blank, but may contain a figure, such as a rose.〔"Guilloche", Osborne, Harold (ed), ''The Oxford Companion to the Decorative Arts'', 1975, OUP, ISBN 0198661134〕 These senses are a back-formation from the engraving ''guilloché'', so called because the architectural motifs resemble the designs produced by later guilloché techniques.
==Uncertain etymology==
The name, as guilloché, is French, dating back at least to the 1770s,〔(''Vocabulaire françois, ou, abrégé du Dictionnaire de l'Académie françoise, auquel on a ajouté une nomenclature géographique fort étendue. Ouvrage utile aux François, aux étrangers, & aux jeunes gens de l'un & de l'autre sexe'', 1773 )〕 and is often said to be called after a French engineer named Guillot, who invented a tool or turning machine. However no dates nor first name are provided for this shadowy figure, and many dictionaries seem suspicious of his existence.〔Entry for "Guilloche" in ''Chambers Dictionary'', 1998; the OED record the word from 1842 in English, but do not give an etymology.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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