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Gwernaffield
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Gwernaffield : ウィキペディア英語版
Gwernaffield

Gwernaffield (or Gwernaffield-y-Waun) is a village , local government community and electoral ward in Flintshire, Wales. It lies about three miles west of Mold on the eastern side of the Clwydian Range. The community has an area of 7.53 km2 and is bordered by the River Alyn on three sides.〔Davies, John; Nigel Jenkins, Menna Baines & Peredur I. Lynch (2008) ''The Welsh Academy Encyclopaedia of Wales'', University of Wales Press, Cardiff.〕 The community includes the neighbouring village of Pantymwyn and had a population of 1,851 at the time of the 2001 census,〔Office for National Statistics (2004) ''(Gwernaffield Community: Parish Headcounts )''. Accessed 3 April 2012.〕 increasing to 1,942 at the 2011 census.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Community/Ward population 2011 )〕 The name of the village comes from ''gwern'' (Welsh for 'alder-grove'), ''feld'' (Old English for 'field') and ''gwaun'' (Welsh for 'moorland').〔Owen, Hywel Wyn & Richard Morgan (2007) ''Dictionary of the Place-names of Wales'', Gomer Press, Llandysul, Ceredigion.〕
==History==
The village was first mentioned in the 15th century.〔Philpot, Mark (ed.) ''(Discover Gwernaffield & Pantymwyn )''. Accessed 3 April 2012.〕 In 1736, an obelisk was erected near Maesgarmon farm where, according to tradition, Saint Garmon defeated an army of Saxons and Picts in the 5th century.〔 The village began to grow in the late 18th century as lead mines and limestone quarries were developed in the area.〔 The last lead mine closed in the 1970s.〔 In the 20th century rectangular blocks of commuter housing were built in the village.〔

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