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Gyrwas
Gyrwas was the name of an Anglo-Saxon population of the Fens, divided into northern and southern groups and recorded in the Tribal Hidage; related to the name of Jarrow.
Hugh Candidus, a 12th-century chronicler of Peterborough Abbey, describes its foundation in the territory of the Gyrwas, under the name of Medeshamstede. Medeshamstede was clearly in the territory of the North Gyrwas.〔Potts, W.T.W., 'The Pre-Danish Estate of Peterborough Abbey', in ''Proceedings of the Cambridge Antiquarian Society'' 65, 1974: this paper contains some substantive errors, but is of interest.〕 Hugh Candidus explains ''Gyrwas'', which he uses in the present tense, as meaning people "who dwell in the fen, or hard by the fen, since a deep bog is called in the Saxon tongue ''Gyr''".〔Mellows, William Thomas (ed. & trans.), ''The Peterborough Chronicle of Hugh Candidus'', Peterborough Natural History, Scientific and Archæological Society, 1941, p2〕 The territory of the South Gyrwas included Ely. Æthelthryth founded Ely monastery after the death of her husband Tondberht, who is described in Bede's ''Ecclesiastical History'' as a "prince of the South Gyrwas".〔Bede, ''Ecclesiastical History'', iv, 19〕 Bede also described Bishop Thomas of Dunwich, in East Anglia, as having been "from the province of the Gyrwas", and deacon to his predecessor Felix.〔Bede, ''op. cit.'', iii, 20.〕
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