|
''For High Angular Resolution Diffusion Imaging see Diffusion MRI: HARDI and Q-Ball'' HARDI, or Heating, Air-conditioning & Refrigeration Distributors International, is a not-for-profit association that promotes the business interests of wholesale air-conditioning, heating, and refrigeration companies. HARDI's member companies are estimated to represent about 80 percent of the industry's wholesale sales—more than $20 billion annually.〔''This information was gathered from the HARDI website and HARDI solutions pamphlet''〕 == History〔''This information was gathered from the HARDI website''〕 == Wholesale distribution matured at different times for industries in North America. Distribution of today's mechanical products began with the development of the small electric motor in the early 20th century. The market for refrigerators began in the 1920s and early 1930s with store display cases. Emerging as a result of this was the Refrigeration Parts Association in 1935, which, in 1958, became the Air-conditioning & Refrigeration Wholesale (ARW). In the late 1940s, heating wholesalers formed their own organization, the National Heating Wholesalers Association, to focus on the business of national distribution of lighter-weight steel furnaces in the post-war building boom. By the 1960s this association was renamed Northamerican Heating & Airconditioning Wholesalers Association (NHAW). As the HVACR industry exited the growth phase, it entered into an era of excess production capacity. For manufacturers this led to mergers, acquisitions, and closed doors. The 100 furnace manufacturers in the 1960s became just a handful by the 1990s. Channel power shifted from the manufacturer to the customer. For wholesalers too, real growth often came by increasing market share at the expense of another wholesaler, merging and acquiring other wholesalers and moving horizontally to handle other related products - air-conditioning wholesalers might expand into refrigeration and vice versa. As technology issues helped drive the merger of contractor, engineering and manufacturer associations in the 50s and 60s, pure distribution issues in the 90s helped inspire the consolidation of the two major HVACR wholesale trade groups- Northamerican Heating, Refrigeration & Airconditioning Wholesalers (NHRAW)' and Air-conditioning & Refrigeration Wholesalers International (ARWI). In 2003 these two trade groups consolidated to form HARDI. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「HARDI」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|