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Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response (HAZWOPER; ) is a set of guidelines produced and maintained by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration which regulates hazardous waste operations and emergency services in the United States and its territories.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Hazardous waste operations and emergency response. - 1910.120 )〕 With these guidelines, the U.S. government regulates hazardous wastes and dangerous goods from inception to disposal. HAZWOPER applies to five groups of employers and their employees. This includes employees who are exposed (or potentially exposed) to hazardous substances (including hazardous waste) and who are engaged in one of the following operations as specified by OSHA regulations 1910.120(a)(1)(i-v) and 1926.65(a)(1)(i-v):〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=OSHA FAQs - HAZWOPER )〕 * Cleanup operations required by a governmental body (federal, state, local or other) involving hazardous substances conducted at uncontrolled hazardous-waste sites * Corrective actions involving clean-up operations at sites covered by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA) as amended (42 U.S.C. 6901 ''et seq.'') * Voluntary cleanup operations at sites recognized by a federal, state, local, or other governmental body as uncontrolled hazardous-waste sites * Operations involving hazardous waste which are conducted at treatment, storage and disposal facilities regulated by Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations, parts 264 and 265 pursuant to the RCRA, or by agencies under agreement with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to implement RCRA regulations * Emergency response operations for releases of, or substantial threats of release of, hazardous substances (regardless of the hazard's location) The most commonly used manual for HAZWOPER activities is Department of Health and Human Services Publication 85–115, ''Occupational Safety and Health Guidance Manual for Hazardous Waste Site Activities''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=OS&H Guidance Manual for Hazardous Waste Site Activities )〕 Written for government contractors and first responders, the manual lists safety requirements for cleanups and emergency-response operations. == History == Although its acronym predates OSHA, HAZWOPER describes OSHA-required regulatory training. Its relevance dates to World War II, when waste accumulated during construction of the atomic bomb at the Hanford Site. Years later, high-profile environmental mishaps (such as Love Canal in 1978 and the attempted 1979 Valley of the Drums cleanup) spurred federal legislative action,〔 〕 awakening the U.S. to the need to control and contain hazardous waste. Two programs—CERCLA, the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act and the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) of 1976—were implemented to deal with these wastes. CERCLA (the Superfund) was designed to deal with existing waste sites, and RCRA addressed newly generated waste. The acronym HAZWOPER originally derived from the Department of Defense's Hazardous Waste Operations (HAZWOP), implemented on military bases slated for the disposal of hazardous waste left on-site after World War II. In 1989 production ended at the Hanford Site, and work shifted to the cleanup of portions of the site contaminated with hazardous substances including radionuclides and chemical waste.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Hanford Overview and History - Hanford Site )〕 OSHA created HAZWOPER, with input from the Coast Guard, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). In 1984, the combined-agency effort resulted in the ''Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response Guidance Manual''.〔 〕 On March 6, 1990 OSHA published ''Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response'' 1910.120, the HAZWOPER standard codifying the health-and-safety requirements companies must meet to perform hazardous-waste cleanup or respond to emergencies. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「HAZWOPER」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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