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Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices
The Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) is an indicator of inflation and price stability for the European Central Bank (ECB). It is a consumer price index which is compiled according to a methodology that has been harmonised across EU countries. The euro area HICP is a weighted average of price indices of member states who have adopted the euro. The primary goal of the ECB is to maintain price stability, defined as keeping the year on year increase HICP below but close to 2% for the medium term.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.ecb.int/mopo/intro/benefits/html/index.en.html )〕 In order to do that, the ECB can control the short-term interest rate through Eonia, the European overnight index average, which affects market expectations. The HICP is also used to assess the convergence criteria on inflation which countries must fulfill in order to adopt the euro. In the United Kingdom, the HICP is called the CPI and is used to set the inflation target of the Bank of England.
==Comparison with the United States==
The HICP differs from the US CPI in two primary aspects. First, the HICP attempts to incorporate rural consumers into the sample while the US maintains a survey strictly based on the urban population. In actuality, the HICP does not fully incorporate rural consumers since it only uses rural samples for creating weights; prices are often only collected in urban areas. The HICP also differs from the US CPI by excluding owner-occupied housing from its scope. The US CPI calculates "rental-equivalent" costs for owner-occupied housing while the HICP considers such expenditure as investment and excludes it.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics, the producer of the U.S. CPI, calculated an experimental index designed for direct comparison with the HICP.〔Lane, Walter; and Mary Lynn Schmidt. 2006. (Comparing U.S. and European inflation: the CPI and the HICP. ) ''Monthly Labor Review'' Vol. 129, No. 5 (May), 20-27.〕 In addition, the Division of International Labor Comparisons at the Bureau of Labor Statistics compiles international comparisons of the HICP for different countries.〔U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Division of International Labor Comparisons, March 3, 2011. (Harmonized index of consumer prices for selected countries and areas, percent change from same period of previous year, 2003-2011 )〕
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