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Hadhramaut
Hadhramaut, Hadhramout, Hadramawt or Ḥaḍramūt ((アラビア語:حضرموت) ''(unicode:Ḥaḍramawt)'') is the name of the region currently retained in Hadhramaut Governorate of the Republic of Yemen on the Arabian Peninsula. The people of Hadhramaut are called Hadhramis and speak Hadhrami Arabic.
==Etymology==
The origin of the name is not exactly known. It already had this name in the Old South Arabian period: Ḥaḑramautic ''ḥḑrmt''; Sabaean and Qatabānian also had the form: ''ḥḑrmwt''. The name appears in Greek as Άδρραμύτα.〔Theophrastus: ''Historia Plantarum''. 9,4.〕 There are various folk etymologies. One is that the region is named after a nickname of 'Amar ibn Qaḥṭān, meaning "death has come", from (unicode:/ḥaḍara/) (Arabic for "has come") and /mawt/ ("death"), the reason being that whenever he entered a battle, there were always many people who died. Another theory is that after the destruction of Thamūd, the Islamic prophet Ṣāliḥ relocated himself and about 4,000 of his followers to the area known as Haḑramawt and it was here where he died and thus, the region was called "death has come".
Another folk etymology is that it is related to Hazarmawet in Genesis 10:26 and 1 Chronicles 1:20 in the Bible (meaning "court of death", according to various Bible dictionaries). There, Hazarmawet is the name of a son of Joktan, one of the sons of Shem in the table of the Sons of Noah in Genesis 10—i.e., the founders of nearby nations including Sheba, also a son of Joktan. As Southern Arabia was and is one of the homelands of the South Semitic language subfamily, a Semitic origin for the name is highly likely. If the name did reflect a biblical- or pre-biblical-era naming convention in the Near East, this would make it ancient indeed, pre-dating both Islam and Greco-Roman civilization.
The name most likely derives from the Greek , or enclosed (and often fortified) watering stations at wadis. A ''hydreuma'' (singular) is a manned and fortified watering hole or way station along a caravan route. Juris Zarins, rediscoverer of the city claimed to be the ancient Incense Route trade capital Ubar in Oman, described that site in a ''Nova'' interview:〔(【引用サイトリンク】format=NOVA online interview with Dr. Juris Zarins )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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