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''Hadrosaurus'' (; from Greek ἁδρός, ''hadros'', meaning "bulky" or "large", and σαῦρος, ''sauros'', meaning "lizard")〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=hadrosaur&allowed_in_frame=0 )〕 is a valid genus of hadrosaurid dinosaur. The only known skeleton was discovered in 1858, representing the first dinosaur species known from more than isolated teeth to be identified in North America. In 1868, it became the first ever mounted dinosaur skeleton. ''Hadrosaurus foulkii'' is the only species in this genus and has been the official state dinosaur of New Jersey, United States since 1991. ''H. foulkii'' is known from a single specimen consisting of much of the skeleton and parts of the skull. The specimen was collected from the Woodbury Formation in New Jersey, USA. Using radio-isotope dating of bivalve shells from the same formation, the sedimentary rocks where the ''Hadrosaurus'' fossil was found were formed at some time between 80.5 and 78.5 million years ago.〔Gallagher, W.B. (2005). "(Recent mosasaur discoveries from New Jersey and Delaware, USA: stratigraphy, taphonomy and implications for mosasaur extinction. )" ''Netherlands Journal of Geosciences'', 84(3): 241.〕 ==Discovery and history== In 1838, John Estaugh Hopkins was digging in a marl pit (on a small tributary of the Cooper River in Haddonfield, New Jersey, and part of the Campanian-age Woodbury Formation) when he uncovered large bones, putting them on display at his home, also in Haddonfield. In 1858, these bones sparked the interest of a visitor, William Parker Foulke. The skeleton was dug out from the marl pit in 1858 by Foulke. The excavation site, known as the ''Hadrosaurus foulkii'' Leidy site, is now a National Historic Landmark. Foulke contacted paleontologist Joseph Leidy, and together they recovered an almost complete set of limbs, along with a pelvis, several part of the feet, 28 vertebrae (including 18 from the tail), eight teeth and two small parts of the jaw. Foulke and Leidy studied the fossils together, and in 1858, Leidy formally described and named ''Hadrosaurus foulkii'' in honor of his collaborator.〔Prieto-Marquez, A., Weishampel, D.B. and Horner, J.R. (2006). "The dinosaur ''Hadrosaurus foulkii'', from the Campanian of the East Coast of North America, with a reevaluation of the genus." ''Acta Palaeontologica Polonica'', 51(1): 77–98.〕 Leidy recognized that these bones were from a dinosaur by their similarity to those of ''Iguanodon'', discovered in England some decades before, but the skeleton of ''Hadrosaurus'' was far more complete. Leidy's monograph ''Cretaceous Reptiles of the United States'', describing ''Hadrosaurus'' more completely and with illustrations, was written in 1860, but the American Civil War delayed its publication until 1865. Leidy reconstructed ''Hadrosaurus'' as a biped, in contrast to the view at the time that such dinosaurs were quadrupedal. The entire skeleton was completely assembled in 1868 by a team including English sculptor and naturalist Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins and was put on display at Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences. It was the first-ever mounted dinosaur skeleton.〔 The skeleton is usually kept 'behind-the-scenes' in the Academy's collections. However, from November 22, 2008 until April 19, 2009, a fully assembled cast of the skeleton and an exhibit about the science and culture surrounding the dinosaur's discovery was open to the public. ''Hadrosaurus'' was named the state fossil of New Jersey, designated in 1994. It is one of the most celebrated dinosaurs ever, and is of great historic importance.〔 When the skeleton was first assembled, it was displayed with a plaster skull sculpted by Hawkins. Many other artists have recreated ''Hadrosaurus'' with skulls from other, related species such as ''Gryposaurus'' and ''Brachylophosaurus''. A statue of ''Hadrosaurus'', sculpted by Haddonfield resident John Giannotti, now stands in the center of the town of Haddonfield, commemorating its discovery there. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hadrosaurus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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