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|image_flag = Flag of the Greek Orthodox Church.svg |flag_caption = Flag of Mount Athos |common_name = Mount Athos |linking_name = Mount Athos |image_map = Athos in Greece.svg |alt_map = A map of Greece with Mount Athos shown in red |map_caption = Location and extent of Mount Athos (red) in Greece. |map_width = 220px |capital = Karyesa |religion = Eastern Orthodoxy |languages_type = Language |languages = Greek |demonym = |membership_type = Country |membership = |government_type = autonomous theocratic society led by ecclesiastical council |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = Elder Stefanos Chilandrinos |sovereignty_type = Autonomy |established_event1 = Constitutional reaffirmation |established_date1 = |area_rank = |area_magnitude= 1 E8 |area_km2 = 335.63 |area_sq_mi = 129.59 |percent_water = |population_estimate = |population_estimate_rank = |population_estimate_year = |population_census = 1,811 |population_census_year = 2011 |population_density_km2 = 5.40 |population_density_sq_mi = 14.0 |population_density_rank = |currency = |currency_code = |time_zone = |utc_offset = |time_zone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |footnote_a = Location of the primary church (the ''Protaton'') for the Athonite administration and the seat of the ''Protos'' (elder monk) since 911. |footnotes = }} Mount Athos (; (ギリシア語:Όρος Άθως), (:ˈoros ˈaθos)) is a mountain and peninsula in Northern Greece. A World Heritage Site and autonomous polity within the Hellenic Republic under the official name Autonomous Monastic State of the Holy Mountain ((ギリシア語:Αὐτόνομη Μοναστικὴ Πολιτεία Ἁγίου Ὄρους, ''Aftonomi Monastiki Politia Agiou Orous'')), Mount Athos is home to 20 stauropegial Eastern Orthodox monasteries under the direct jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople. Mount Athos is commonly referred to as the "Holy Mountain" ((ギリシア語:Ἅγιον Ὄρος, ''Agion Oros'') (:ˈaʝ(i)o(n) ˈoros)) and the entity as the "Athonite State" ((ギリシア語:Αθωνική Πολιτεία, ''Athoniki Politia'')). In the Classical era, while the mountain was called ''Athos'', the peninsula was known as ''Acté'' or ''Akté'' (Ἀκτὴ). Mount Athos has been inhabited since the ancient times and is known for its nearly 1,800-year continuous Christian presence and its long historical monastic traditions, which date back to at least 800 A.D. and the Byzantine era. Today, over 2,000 monks from Greece and many other Eastern Orthodox countries, such as Romania, Moldova, Bulgaria, Serbia and Russia, live an ascetic life in Athos, isolated from the rest of the world. The Athonite monasteries feature a rich collection of well-preserved artifacts, rare books, ancient documents, and artworks of immense historical value. Although Mount Athos is technically part of the European Union like the rest of Greece, the status of the Monastic State of the Holy Mountain, and the jurisdiction of the Athonite institutions, were expressly described and ratified upon admission of Greece to the European Community (precursor to the EU). The free movement of people and goods in its territory is prohibited, unless formal permission is granted by the Monastic State's authorities. ==Geography== The peninsula, the easternmost "leg" of the larger Chalkidiki peninsula in central Macedonia, protrudes 〔Robert Draper, ('Mount Athos' ), National Geographic Magazine, December 2009〕 into the Aegean Sea at a width of between and covers an area of . The actual Mount Athos has steep, densely forested slopes reaching up to . The surrounding seas, especially at the end of the peninsula, can be dangerous. In ancient Greek history two fleet disasters in the area are recorded: In 492 BC Darius, the king of Persia, lost 300 ships under general Mardonius (Herodotus "Histories" book VI (Erato), Aeschylus "The Persians"). In 411 BC the Spartans lost a fleet of 50 ships under admiral Epicleas. (Diodorus Siculus, "Bibliotheca historica" XIII 41, 1–3). Though land-linked, Mount Athos is practically accessible only by ferry. The ''Agios Panteleimon'' and ''Axion Estin'' travel daily (weather permitting) between Ouranoupolis and Dafni, with stops at some monasteries on the western coast. There is also a smaller speed boat, the ''Agia Anna'', which travels the same route, but with no intermediate stops. It is possible to travel by ferry to and from Ierissos for direct access to monasteries along the eastern coast. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mount Athos」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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