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|common_name = Haiti |image_flag = Flag of Haiti.svg |image_coat = Coat of arms of Haiti.svg |image_map = Haiti (orthographic projection).svg |image_map2 = Haiti - Location Map (2013) - HTI - UNOCHA.svg |national_motto = 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Article 4 of the Constitution )〕 |national_anthem = |official_languages = |demonym = Haitian |ethnic_groups = 95% Black 5% Mulatto, White〔 |ethnic_groups_year = |capital = Port-au-Prince |latd=18 |latm=32 |latNS=N |longd=72 |longm=20 |longEW=W |largest_city = capital |government_type = republic |leader_title1 = President |leader_name1 = Michel Martelly |leader_title2 = Prime Minister |leader_name2 = Evans Paul |legislature = Parliament |upper_house = Senate |lower_house = Chamber of Deputies |area_rank = 140th |area_magnitude = 1 E10 |area_km2 = 27,750 |area_sq_mi = 10,714 |percent_water = 0.7 |population_estimate = 10,604,000〔(Haiti & The Dominican Republic ) IMF population estimates〕 |population_estimate_rank = 85th |population_estimate_year = 2015 |population_density_km2 = 382 |population_density_rank = 32nd |population_density_sq_mi = 989.7 |GDP_PPP = US$18.535 billion〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Haiti )〕 |GDP_PPP_rank = |GDP_PPP_year = 2014 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = US$1,771〔 |GDP_nominal_rank = |GDP_nominal = US$8.919 billion〔 |GDP_nominal_year = 2014 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = US$852〔 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = |sovereignty_type = Independence |sovereignty_note = from France |established_event2 = Declared |established_date2 = 1 January 1804 |established_event3 = Recognized |established_date3 = 17 April 1825 |established_event4 = First Empire |established_date4 = 22 September 1804 |established_event5 = Southern Republic |established_date5 = 9 March 1806 |established_event6 = Northern State |established_date6 = 17 October 1806 |established_event7 = Kingdom |established_date7 = 28 March 1811 |established_event8 = Unification of Hispaniola |established_date8 = 1822–1844 |established_event9 = Second Empire |established_date9 = 26 August 1849 |established_event10 = Republic |established_date10 = 15 January 1859 |established_event11 = from the United States |established_date11 = 1 August 1934 |established_event12 = Current constitution |established_date12 = 29 March 1987 |Gini_year = 2012 |Gini_change = |Gini = 60.8 |Gini_ref = 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Gini Index )〕 |Gini_rank = |HDI_year = 2013 |HDI_change = steady |HDI = 0.471 |HDI_ref = |HDI_rank = 168th |currency = Haitian gourde (G) |currency_code = HTG |country_code = |time_zone = EST |utc_offset = −5 |time_zone_DST = EDT |utc_offset_DST = −4 |drives_on = right |calling_code = +509 |cctld = 〔(gTLDs, ccTLDs )〕 }} Haiti (; (フランス語:Haïti) (:a.iti); (ハイチ語:Ayiti) (:ajiti)), officially the Republic of Haiti (; ),〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Konstitisyon Repiblik Ayiti 1987 )〕 is a country in the western hemisphere,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=CIA World Factbook - Haiti's economy )〕 and is located on the island of Hispaniola, in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean. It occupies the smaller western three-eighths of the island which it shares with the Dominican Republic.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Hispaniola Article )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Dominican Republic 2014 )〕 Haiti is in size and has an estimated 10.6 million people,〔 making it the most populous country in the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) and the third-most populous country in the Caribbean as a whole. Originally inhabited by the indigenous Taíno people, the island was first discovered by Christopher Columbus during his first voyage across the Atlantic in 1492. On December 5, when Columbus first landed in Haiti of that year, he had thought he had found India or Asia. Deciding to establish the first settlement in the area, a contingent of men were left at an outpost christened La Navidad because of the wreck to their sunken flagship, the ''Santa Maria'', that occurred at Christmas, north of what is now Limonade.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Haïti histoire – 7 Bord de Mer de Limonade )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Article du ''Florida Museum of Natural History'' )〕 The island was named ''Hispaniola'' and claimed by Spain, which ruled until the early 17th century. Competing claims and settlements by the French led to the western portion of the island being ceded to France, which named it ''Saint-Domingue''. The development of sugar cane plantations, worked by slaves imported from Africa, led to the colony being among the most lucrative in the world.〔(''France and the History of Haiti ) by Gearóid Ó Colmáin, ''Global Research'', January 22, 2010〕 In the midst of the French Revolution, slaves and free people of colour revolted, culminating in the abolishment of slavery and the defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte's army at the Battle of Vertières established the sovereign "Republic of Haiti" on January 1, 1804 — the first independent nation of Latin America and the Caribbean, the second republic in the Americas, the only nation in the western hemisphere to have defeated three European superpowers (Britain, France and Spain), and the only nation in the world established as a result of a successful slave revolt. The rebellion that begun in 1791, was led by a former slave and the first black general of the French Army, Toussaint Louverture, whose military genius and political acumen transformed an entire society of slaves into the independent country. Upon his death in a prison in France, he was succeeded by his lieutenant, Jean-Jacques Dessalines, who declared Haiti's sovereignty and later became the first emperor of Haiti, ''Jacques I''. The Haitian Revolution lasted nearly a decade; and apart from Alexandre Pétion, the first President of the Republic, all the first leaders of government were former slaves. The Citadelle Laferrière is the largest fortress in the Americas. Henri Christophe—former slave and first king of Haiti, ''Henri I''—built it to withstand a possible foreign attack.〔(HAITIAN MONUMENT OUTLINE ), Haitian History〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Reading Eagle – Google News Archive Search )〕 In addition to CARICOM, Haiti is a member of the Latin Union, the Organization of American States, and the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States; it is also seeking associate membership status in the African Union. It has the lowest Human Development Index in the Americas. Most recently, in February 2004, a ''coup d'état'' originating in the north of the country forced the resignation and exile of President Jean-Bertrand Aristide. A provisional government took control with security provided by the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH). Michel Martelly, the current president, was elected in the 2011 general election. ==Etymology== The name Haïti (or ''Hayti'') comes from the indigenous Taíno language which was the native name〕}} given to the entire island of Hispaniola to mean, "land of high mountains." The ''h'' is silent in French and the ''ï'' in ''Haïti'', is a diacritical mark used to show that the second vowel is pronounced separately, as in the word ''naïve''. In English, the rules for the pronunciation is often disregarded, thus the spelling ''Haiti'' is used and pronounced as ''"Hay''-ti".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=How to Say: Haiti and Port-au-Prince )〕 The name Haïti was restored by Haitian revolutionary Jean-Jacques Dessalines as the official name of independent Saint-Domingue, as a tribute to the Amerindian predecessors. In French, Haiti's nickname is the ''Pearl of the Antilles'' (''La Perle des Antilles'') because of its natural beauty. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Haiti」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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