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Hajduk is a term most commonly referring to outlaws, brigands, highwaymen or freedom fighters in Southeastern Europe, and parts of Central and Eastern Europe. In Balkan folkloric tradition, the hajduk (''hajduci'' or ''haiduci'' in the plural) is a romanticised hero figure who steals from, and leads his fighters into battle against, the Ottoman or Habsburg authorities. They are comparable to the English legend of Robin Hood and his merry men, who stole from the rich (which as in the case of the hajduci happened to be also foreign occupants) and gave to the poor, while defying unjust laws and authority. In reality, the hajduci of the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries commonly were as much guerrilla fighters against the Ottoman rule as they were bandits and highwaymen who preyed not only on Ottomans and their local representatives, but also on local merchants and travelers. As such, the term could also refer to any robber and carry a negative connotation.〔Найден Геров. 1895-1904. Речник на блъгарский язик.Хайдукъ〕〔Л.Андрейчин и др. 2006. Български тълковен речник. Четвърто издание〕 ==Etymology== The etymology of the word "hajduk" is unclear. One theory is that hajduk was derived from the Turkish word ''haidut'' or ''haydut'', which was originally used by the Ottomans to refer to Hungarian infantry soldiers. Another theory suggests that the word comes from the Hungarian ''hajtó'' or "hajdó" (plural ''hajtók'' or "hajdók"), meaning a (cattle) drover.〔Petrović, Aleksandar. These persons become later soldiers at the Hungarian-Turkish border and fight against the Otoman Turkish. (''The Role of Banditry in the Creation of National States in the Central Balkans During the 19th Century'' )〕 Indeed, these two theories do not necessarily contradict each other, as the Balkan word is said to be derived from the Turkish word ''haiduk'' or ''hayduk'' (bandit).〔〔〔Младенов, Стефан. 1941. Етимологически и правописен речник на българския книжовен език〕 Other spellings in English include ajduk, haydut, haiduk, haiduc, hayduck, hayduk. Forms of the word in various languages, in singular form, include: *''hajdut'', in Albanian; in the ordinary sense of "thief" *''hayduk'' (հայդուկ), in Armenian; used as a male given name *''hajduk'', in Bosnian *''haydut'' (хайдут), ''haydutin'' (хайдутин) or ''hayduk'' (хайдук), in Bulgarian *''hajduk'', in Croatian *''haidouk'', ''haiduque'', in French *''aiducco'', in Italian *''hajdúk'', in Hungarian *''ajduk'' (ајдук), ''ajdutin'' (ајдутин), in Macedonian *''hajduk'', in Polish *''Hajduk'', in Romani *''haiduc'', in Romanian *''hajduk'' (хајдук), in Serbian *''hejduk'', in Swedish *''haydut'', in Turkish; in the ordinary sense of "bandit" *''hejduk'', in Kurdish *''gajduk'' (гайдук), in Russian *''haidamaka'' (гайдамака), in Ukrainian *''haydamak'' (הײַדאַמאַק), in Yiddish 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hajduk」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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