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Halfeti
Halfeti ( ''Rumkale'',〔Tahir Sezen, ''Osmanlı Yer Adları (Alfabetik Sırayla)'', T.C. Başbakanlık Devlet Arşivleri Genel Müdürlüğü, Yayın Nu 21, Ankara, p. 423.〕) is a small farming district on the east bank of the river Euphrates in Şanlıurfa Province in Turkey, 120 km from the city of Şanlıurfa. Population (2000 census) 33,467 (of which 2,608 were in the town of Halfeti, the majority being in the surrounding villages).
Most of the villages were submerged in the 1990s under the waters behind the dam on the Euphrates at Birecik. The town was therefore removed to the village of Karaotlak, the building of the new town is now complete.
==History==
The Assyrian King Shalmaneser III (855 BC) established a settlement here named Shitamrat. The town was subsequently settled by a number of civilisations and known as Urima (Ώριμα in Greek), ''Qal'a Rhomayta'' or ''Hesna d-Romaye'' (in Aramaic), to the Byzantine Greeks it was known as ''Romaion Koula'' (Ρωμαίων Κούλα - Roman castle), and the Arab conquerors mutated this name to Qal'at al-Rum.
The town was fortified and was besieged by the Mameluks in 1280, who conquered the outlying Christian villages but were unable to break into the fortress, which eventually fell to Sultan al-Ashraf in 1290. The Mameluks repaired the city walls and renamed the place ''Qal'at al-Muslimin'' although the names ''Urumgala'' and ''Rumkale'' persisted. The town was brought under Ottoman rule by Selim I.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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