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The Khalkha (Mongolian: Халх; Khalkh, Halh) is the largest subgroup of Mongol people in Mongolia since the 15th century. The Khalkha, together with Chahars, Ordos and Tumed, were directly ruled by Borjigin khans until the 20th century; unlike the Oirats, who were ruled by Dzungar nobles, or the Khorchins, who were ruled by Qasar's descendants. There were originally two major Khalkha groups, each of which was ruled by the direct male line descendants of Dayan Khan. The Baarin, Khongirad, Jaruud, Baigut, and the O'zeed (Ujeed) became Dayan Khan's fifth son Achibolod's subjects, thus formed the Southern Five Halhs. The Qaraei, Jalairs, Olkhonud, Khatagin, Besut, Iljigin, Gorlos, Uriankhai, Sartuul, Tanghut, Khotogoid, Khuree, and Tsookhor became Dayan Khan's youngest (could be third) son Geresenje's ((モンゴル語:Гэрсэне Жалайр Хан)) subjects, thus formed the "Аглагийн арван гурван хүрээ Халх" or Thirteen Khalkhas of the Far North. There were also numerous direct descendants of Genghis Khan who had formed the ruling class of the Khalkha Mongols prior to the 20th century, but they were and still also regarded as Khalkha Mongols rather than belonging to a special unit. The Thirteen Khalkhas of the Far North are the major subethnic group of the independent state of Mongolia. They number 1,610,400 (78.8%) of Mongolia's population (1989 figures). The Khalkha or Halh dialect is the standard written language of Mongolia.〔C. P. Atwood ''Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire'', Khalkha〕 ==Etymology== The term ''Халх'' ("Halh, Khalkha") has always puzzled linguists and historians. One possible interpretation is that it share the same root with the words xалхавч "shield" and xалхлах "to protect; to cover; to shield; to hide; to intercept", etc., although there is no noun or verb ''xалх'' that independently exists besides the ethnic group's name. In the similar manner, the sub-ethnic groups within the Khalkha Unit have been historically recorded in books, journals, and documents as "Jalair Khalkha", "Sartuul Khalkha", "Tanghut Khalkha" etc. Even the word order in the phrases Southern Five Khalkha and Northern Thirteen Khalkha implies that the word Халх correlates to the units within the Southern and Northern tribal federations, but it does not stand for the entire group as a whole. Lastly, Mongolians have always linked the term Халх to the name of the Khalkhyn Gol. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Khalkha Mongols」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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