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Halych ((ウクライナ語:Галич), ''Halych''; (ルーマニア語、モルドバ語():Halici); (ポーランド語:Halicz), ''Halich''; (ロシア語:Галич), ''Galich'', (ドイツ語:Halytsch)) is a historic city on the Dniester River in western Ukraine. The town gave its name to the historic province and the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia,〔(History of Galicia )〕〔(Ukrainian Historiacal Glossary )〕 of which it was the capital until the early 14th century, when the seat of the local princes was moved to Lviv. In the past, the town belonged to several countries. In 1349, together with Red Ruthenia, it was annexed by Polish King Casimir III the Great. After his death, it was ruled by the Kingdom of Hungary (1370-1387). For the next 400 years, it was part of Poland’s Ruthenian Voivodeship, but following the first partition of Poland (1772) it became part of Austrian Galicia, in which it remained until late 1918. Between November 1918 and May 1919, Halych belonged to short-lived West Ukrainian People's Republic. From May 1919 until September 1939 (see Soviet invasion of Poland), Halicz the seat of a county in Second Polish Republic’s Stanisławów Voivodeship. Today Halych is a small city and is located right next to the former capital of the Galicia Kingdom although it preserved its former name. It also is the administrative center of Halych Raion (district) of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast (region). It lies north of the oblast capital, Ivano-Frankivsk. Population: . ==Name== The city's name, though spelled identically in modern East Slavic languages (Галич), is pronounced ''Halych'' in Ukrainian and ''Galich'' in Russian. The Russian transliteration should not be confused with the Russian town of Galich. In Polish the name is rendered ''Halicz''; in the Yiddish language ''Helitsh'' or ''Heylitsh'' (העליטש); in Latin, ''Galic''; in Hungarian, ''Halics''; in Romanian, ''Halici''. The origin of the Slavic toponym "Halych" is after the Khwalis/Kaliz/Khalisioi who occupied the area from the time of the Magyars. The Russian toponym/ethnonym ''Khvalis'' (Хвалис) may also be related. Historians formerly believed it was Celtic, related to many similar place names found across Europe such as "Galaţi" (Romania), "Galatia" (Turkey), "Gaul" (France) and "Galicia" (Spain). Another version postulates "''hals''", "salt", at the root of "Halych", as the salt trade was a substantial economic factor in the medieval history of Halych. Max Vasmer and modern Slavists generally agree that "Halych" is an adjective derived from the East Slavic word for "jackdaw," "''halka''." This bird featured in the town's coat of arms (but not in the Árpád coat of arms, when ''Corvinus'' is a raven) when it was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (since 1772). Local folk legend would have it that the name "Halych" comes from a legendary "Prince Halychyna," the first ruler of these lands. In fact, a kurgan referred to by locals as "Halychyna's tomb," excavated in 1996, contained a ritual cremation site and a bronze weapon and gold disc that could have belonged to a noble leader. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Halych」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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