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The Halliwick Concept focuses on biophysical principles of motor control in water, in particular developing sense of balance (equilibrioception) and core stability. The Halliwick Ten-Point-Programme implements the concept in a progressive programme of mental adjustment, disengagement, and development of motor control, with an emphasis on rotational control, and applies the programme to teach physically disabled people balance control, swimming, and independence. Halliwick Aquatic Therapy (also known as Water Specific Therapy, WST), implements the concept in patient-specific aquatic therapy for application in rehabilitation of injury and disability. == The Halliwick Concept == The Halliwick Concept was originally developed by fluid mechanics engineer James McMillan in the late 1940s and 1950s, at the Halliwick School for Girls with Disabilities in London, to teach physically disabled people independence in water. Based on fluid mechanics, McMillan developed teaching and therapeutic approaches to enhance sense of balance (equilibrioception) and core stability.〔Dutton, M. 2011. Orthopaedics for the physical therapist assistant. p 187 Halliwick Concept. Jones & Bartlett Learning. ISBN 978-0763797553.〕〔Ainslie, T. 2012. The concise guide to physiotherapy - 2-volume set: Assessment and Treatment. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp 1106-1116 (Halliwick Concept). ISBN 9780702053030.〕〔Lambeck, J and Gamper U. 2011. The Halliwick Concept. In: Becker, BE and Cole, AJ and (eds). 2011. Comprehensive aquatic therapy, 3rd edition. Washington State University Press. ISBN 978-0615365671.〕 According to the Halliwick Concept, physical properties of water form the basis for therapeutic intervention:〔 *Turbulence, Flow, and Resistance: Turbulent moving water provides resistance,; therefore balance is lost slowly and there is time to react and learn motor control. *Buoyancy: Buoyancy provides an easy way to change position, which influences the vestibular system in sensory integration. *Buoyancy, Gravity, and Rotational Torques: Buoyancy forces counteract gravity forces and create rotational torques (metacentric effects). These torques can be used to increase load on connective tissue. The first part of the concept, the Halliwick Ten-Point-Programme, incorporates these biophysical principles and focuses on mental adjustment, disengagement, and development of motor control, with an emphasis on rotational control, and is applied to teach participation in water activities, moving independently in water, and swimming. McMillan emphasized participation and independence: the willingness to lose balance and knowing how to stand up again.〔 The second part of the concept, Halliwick Aquatic Therapy (also known as Water Specific Therapy, WST), applies the fundamental biophysical principles and the underlying principles of the Ten-Point-Programme for planning and implementing patient-specific aquatic therapy.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Halliwick」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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