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|Section2= |Section3= }} Halostachine (also known as ''N''-methylphenylethanolamine) is a natural product, an alkaloid first isolated from the Asian shrub ''Halostachys caspica'' (synonym ''Halostachys belangeriana''), and structurally a β-hydroxy-phenethylamine (a phenylethanolamine) related to its better-known "parent" biogenic amine, phenylethanolamine, to the adrenergic drug synephrine, and to the alkaloid ephedrine. The pharmacological properties of halostachine have some similarity to those of these structurally-related compounds, and ''Halostachys caspica'' extracts have been included as a constituent of certain OTC dietary supplements,〔http://dietarysupplements.nlm.nih.gov/dietary/ingredDetail.jsp?contain=Halostachys+Caspica+Extract+&id=5651〕 but halostachine has never been developed as a prescription drug. Although it is found in nature as a single stereoisomer, halostachine is more commonly available as a synthetic product in the form of its racemate (see below). In appearance it is a colorless solid. ==Occurrence== Naturally-occurring halostachine was first discovered by Syrneva in the halophytic plant ''Halostachys caspica'' (now classed as ''Halostachys belangeriana''〔http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-2838829〕) (family Amaranthaceae).〔Y. I. Syrneva (1941). "The pharmacology of the new alkaloid halostachine." ''Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya'' 4 45-51.〕 The erroneous structure originally proposed for this compound was subsequently corrected by Menshikov and Rubinstein.〔G. P. Menshikov and M. M. Rubinstein (1943). ''J. Gen. Chem. (USSR)'' 13 801.〕 Halostachine has also been isolated from perennial ryegrass, ''Lolium perenne'' and from tall fescue, ''Festuca arundinacea''.〔A. J. Aasen, C. C. J. Culvenor, E. P. Finnie, A. W. Kellock, and L. W. Smith (1969). "Alkaloids as a possible cause of ryegrass staggers in grazing livestock." ''Aust. J. Agric. Res.'' 20 71-86.〕〔L. P. Bush and J. A. D. Jeffreys (1975). "Isolation and separation of tall fescue and ryegrass alkaloids." ''J. Chrom.'' 111 165-170.〕 The presence of ''N''-methylphenylethanolamine in rat brain was ''implied'' by the experiments described by Saavedra and Axelrod.〔J. M. Saavedra and J. Axelrod (1973). "Demonstration and distribution of phenylethanolamine in brain and other tissues." ''Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA'' 70 769-772.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Halostachine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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