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Hammerskins
The Hammerskins (also known as Hammerskin Nation) are a white supremacist group formed in 1988 in Dallas, Texas.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://archive.adl.org/learn/ext_us/hammerskin.html?xpicked=3&item=15 )〕 Their primary focus is the production and promotion of white power rock music, and many white power bands have been affiliated with the group. The Hammerskins were affiliated with the record label 9% Productions. The Hammerskins host several annual concerts, including Hammerfest, an annual event in both the United States and Europe in honor of deceased Hammerskin Joe Rowan, the lead singer of the band Nordic Thunder.〔
It was one of the most prominent American white power skinhead groups, along with Volksfront. The Anti-Defamation League describes them as the United States' best-organized neo-Nazi skinhead group,〔 with the Hammerskin Nation website boasting six chapters in the United States and chapters existing in Canada, France, Italy, Germany, Hungary, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, New Zealand and Australia.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.hammerskins.net/chapters.html )〕 The Hammerskins also have supporter chapters, known as Crew 38, in most of these countries, for those who do not seek membership but wish to show their appreciation.
==History==
The Hammerskins emerged in the late 1980s from the Dallas based Confederate Hammerskins. Its name is based on a scene in the 1982 film Pink Floyd – The Wall. Power struggles have since split the group into several factions. Many Outlaw Hammerskins members attended the 2002 NordicFest, and the group was to provide security for a white pride festival hosted by the National Knights of the Ku Klux Klan.〔 The Outlaw Hammerskins are now defunct.
Many of its members have been convicted of harassment, assault and even murder.〔 On August 5, 2012, Wade Michael Page, a former member of the Hammerskins, was shot by police and died of a self-inflicted gunshot wound to the head after he killed six people in a Sikh temple in Oak Creek, Wisconsin. Page became a "fully patched" member of the Hammerskins in autumn 2011, according to the Anti-Defamation League. He played in at least three Hammerskin-affiliated bands; End Apathy, Definite Hate and 13 Knots.〔 According to media sources and civil rights organizations, End Apathy, Wade's main band, had played several recent Hammerskin events in the United States prior to the shooting-spree.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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