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Hanging
Hanging is the suspension of a person by a noose or ligature around the neck.〔Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed. Hanging as method of execution is unknown, as method of suicide from 1325.〕 The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' states that hanging in this sense is "specifically to put to death by suspension by the neck", though it formerly also referred to crucifixion and death by impalement in which the body would remain "hanging". Hanging has been a common method of capital punishment since medieval times, and is the official execution method in numerous countries and regions. In this specialised meaning of the common word ''hang'', the past and past participle is ''hanged''〔Oxford English Dictionary (2015 update), OUP, Oxford,UK〕 instead of ''hung''.
Hanging is also a method of suicide in which a person applies a ligature to the neck and brings about unconsciousness and then death by suspension. Partial suspension or partial weight-bearing on the ligature is sometimes used, particularly in prisons, mental hospitals or other institutions, where full suspension support is difficult to devise, because high ligature points (e.g., hooks or pipes) have been removed.
==Methods of judicial hanging==
There are four ways of performing a judicial hanging: suspension hanging, the short drop, the standard drop, and the long drop. A mechanised form of hanging, the upright jerker, was also experimented with in the 18th century, with a variant of it used today in Iran.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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