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Haploblepharus
''Haploblepharus'' is a genus of catshark, and part of the family Scyliorhinidae, containing four species of shysharks. Their common name comes from a distinctive defensive behavior in which the shark curls into a circle and covers its eyes with its tail. The genus is endemic to southern Africa, inhabiting shallow coastal waters. All four species are small, stout-bodied sharks with broad, flattened heads and rounded snouts. They are characterized by very large nostrils with enlarged, triangular flaps of skin that reach the mouth, and deep grooves between the nostrils and the mouth. Shysharks are bottom-dwelling predators of bony fishes and invertebrates. They are oviparous, with the females laying egg capsules. These harmless sharks are of no commercial or recreational interest, though their highly limited distributions in heavily fished South African waters are of potential conservation concern.
==Taxonomy and phylogeny==
The genus ''Haploblepharus'' was created by American zoologist Samuel Garman in 1913, in the 36th volume of ''Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, at Harvard College'', to contain the puffadder shyshark, then known as ''Squalus edwardsii''. The name is derived from the Greek ''haplóos'' meaning "single", and ''blepharos'' meaning "eyelid".〔Bester, C. (Biological Profiles: Puffadder Shyshark ). Florida Museum of Natural History Ichthyology Department. Retrieved on August 31, 2009.〕
In 1988, Leonard Compagno placed ''Haploblepharus'' with ''Halaelurus'' and ''Holohalaelurus'' in the tribe Halaelurini of the family Scyliorhinidae, based on morphological characters. This interpretation was corroborated by a 2006 phylogenetic analysis based on three mitochondrial DNA genes. However, that study also found that within this group ''Haploblepharus'' is most closely related to the genus ''Halaelurus'', which is inconsistent with the presence of three autapomorphic traits in ''Haploblepharus'' that are not shared by either ''Halaelurus'' or ''Holohalaelurus''. Within the genus, the puffadder shyshark is the most basal species.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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