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Hartebeest
The hartebeest (''Alcelaphus buselaphus'') is an African species of grassland antelope, first described by Peter Simon Pallas in 1766. Adults stand just over at the shoulder. Males weigh , and females are slightly lighter. The coat colour varies between subspecies, from the sandy coat of the western hartebeest to the almost black coat of the Swayne's hartebeest. Both sexes have horns; these grow long, with the shape varying greatly between subspecies. Hartebeest live between 11 and 20 years in the wild, and up to 19 in captivity.
Hartebeest are social animals that form herds of 20 to 300 individuals. Generally calm in nature, hartebeest can be ferocious when provoked. Their diets consist mainly of grasses, with small amounts of ''Hyparrhenia'' grasses and legumes throughout the year. The time of mating varies seasonally, and depends on both the subspecies and the population. Hartebeest are sexually mature at one to two years of age. After a gestation period of eight months, one offspring is born. The hartebeest inhabits savannas, woodlands, and open plains.
Each of the eight subspecies of the hartebeest has a different conservation status. The Bubal hartebeest was declared extinct by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in 1994. The hartebeest was formerly widespread in Africa, but populations have undergone drastic decline due to habitat destruction, hunting, human settlement, and competition with domestic cattle for food. The hartebeest is extinct in Algeria, Egypt, Lesotho, Libya, Morocco, Somalia, and Tunisia. It has been introduced into Swaziland and Zimbabwe. It is a popular game animal due to its highly regarded meat.
==Etymology==
The common name "hartebeest" is derived from the Afrikaans ''hertebeest''. The name was given by the Boers, who thought it resembled deer. In Dutch, the word ''hert'' means "deer", and ''beest'' means "beast".〔 The name was first used in South African literature in Dutch colonial administrator Jan van Riebeeck's journal ''Daghregister'' during 1660. He wrote: "''Meester Pieter ein hart-beest geschooten hadde'' (Master Pieter (Meerhoff ) had shot one hartebeest)".
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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