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Teppe Hasanlu or ''Tappeh Hassanlu'' (Persian: تپه حسنلو) is an archeological site of an ancient city〔''The Cambridge History of Iran'' (ed. by W.B. Fischer, Ilya Gershevitch, Ehsan Yarshster). Cambridge University Press, 1993. ISBN 0-521-20091-1. Pages 57-58, 138.〕 located in northwest Iran (in the province of West Azerbaijan), a short distance south of Lake Urmia. The nature of its destruction at the end of the 9th century BC essentially froze one layer of the city in time, providing researchers with extremely well preserved buildings, artifacts, and skeletal remains from the victims and enemy combatants of the attack. Hasanlu Tepe is the largest site in the Gadar River valley and dominates the small plain known as Solduz. The site consists of a 25m high central "citadel" mound, with massive fortifications and paved streets, surrounded by a low outer town, 8m above the surrounding plain. The entire site, once much larger but reduced in size by local agricultural and building activities, now measures about 600m across, with the citadel having a diameter of about 200 m.〔 The site was inhabited fairly continuously from the 6th millennium BC to the 3rd century AD. It is famous for the "Gold Bowl" found by a team from the University of Pennsylvania led by Robert Dyson.〔() The Hasanlu Golden Bowl. Thirty Years Later, Expedition, vol. 31, no. 203, pp. 87-106, 1989〕 ==Archaeology== The site of Hasanlu was excavated in 10 seasons between 1956 and 1974 by a team from the University Museum, University of Pennsylvania and the Metropolitan Museum.〔Mary M. Voigt, Hasanlu I: Hajji Firuz Tepe, Iran--The Neolithic Settlement, Monograph 50, University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, 1983, ISBN 0-934718-49-0〕〔Michael D. Danti, Hasanlu II: The Ilkhanid Heartland: Hasanlu Tepe (Iran) Period I, Monograph 120, University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, 2004, ISBN 1-931707-66-9〕 The project was directed by Robert H. Dyson, Jr. and is considered today to have been an important training ground for a generation of highly successful Near Eastern archaeologists.〔Oscar White Muscarella, Hasanlu 1964, The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin New Series, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 121-135, 1966〕〔Oscar White Muscarella, The Excavation of Hasanlu: An Archaeological Evaluation, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, no. 342, pp. 69-94, 2006〕 Originally, excavations in the Ushnu-Solduz Valley were intended to explore a series of stratified occupation levels in the area with the objective of reconstructing a regional cultural history from Neolithic times until Alexander the Great's conquest of Persia beginning in 334 BC, such that any conclusions would rely solely on material evidence from the region itself, independent of linguistic or literary evidence from adjoining regions.〔Dyson, Robert H (1989). "Rediscovering Hasanlu"; ''Expedition'', Vol. 31, Nos. 2-3, pp. 3-11. (see external link, below)〕 The unexpected discovery of the famous "Gold Bowl" at Hasanlu in 1958 led to the project shifting its focus to the Iron Age levels at this site, although several other sites in the region were also excavated in order to stay in line with the project's broader objective. These other excavations were conducted at Dinkha Tepe, Dalma Tepe, Hajji Firuz Tepe, Agrab Tepe, Pisdeli, and Seh Girdan. The Hasanlu Publications Project was initiated in 2007 to produce the official monograph-length final reports on the excavation.〔(''Hasanlu Publications Project'' ); 〕 Currently two Excavation Reports and several Special Studies volumes have been completed.〔Irene J. Winter, Hasanlu Special Studies I: A Decorated Breastplate from Hasanlu, Iran, Monograph 39, University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, 1980, ISBN 0-934718-34-2〕〔Oscar White Muscarella, Hasanlu Special Studies II: The Catalogue of Ivories from Hasanlu, Iran, Monograph 40, University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, 1980, ISBN 0-934718-33-4〕〔Michelle I. Marcus, Hasanlu Special Studies III: Emblems of Identity and Prestige--The Seals and Sealings from Hasanlu, Iran, Monograph 84, University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, 1996, ISBN 0-924171-26-X〕〔Maude de Schauensee, Hasanlu Special Studies: Peoples and Crafts in Period IVB at Hasanlu, Iran, University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, 2011, ISBN 1-934536-17-2〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Teppe Hasanlu」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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