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Haseki sultan
Haseki Sultan (, (:haseˈci suɫˈtaːn)) was the title given to the chief consort of the Ottoman Sultan. This title was created in 16th century and was used for chief consort of the Ottoman Sultan until it was replaced by "kadinefendi" in 17th century. Hürrem Sultan, principal consort of Suleiman the Magnificent, was the first holder of this title.
== The Meaning of Haseki Sultan ==
The word ''haseki'' (خاصکي) comes from the Arabic and means "to attribute something exclusively to". ''Haseki'' is, therefore, one who belongs exclusively to the sultan.
Sultan (سلطان) is a word Arabic origin, originally meaning "authority" or "dominion". By the beginning of the 16th century, this title, carried by both men's and women's of the Ottoman dynasty, was replacing other titles by which prominent members of the imperial family had been known (notably ''khatun'' for women and ''bey'' for men). This usage underlines the Ottoman conception of sovereign power as family prerogative.
Western tradition knows the Ottoman ruler as "sultan", but Ottomans themselves used "padişah" (emperor) or "hünkar" to refer to their ruler. The emperor’s formal title consisted of "sultan" together with "khan" (for example, Sultan Suleiman Khan). In formal address, the sultan’s children were also entitled "sultan", with the imperial princes (Şehzade) carrying the title before their given names and the imperial princesses carrying it after their names. For example, Şehzade Sultan Mehmed and Mihrimah Sultan, son and daughter of Suleiman the Magnificent. Like imperial princesses, living mother and main consort of the reigning sultan also carried the title after their given names, for example, Ayşe Hafsa Sultan, Suleiman’s mother and first valide sultan, and Hürrem Sultan, Suleiman’s chief consort and first haseki sultan. The evolving usage of this title reflected power shifts among imperial women, especially during the Sultanate of Women. As the position of the chief consort eroded over the course of 17th century, the main consort lost the title "sultan", which was replaced by "kadin", a title related to the earlier "khatun". Henceforth, the mother of the reigning sultan was the only person of non-imperial blood to carry the title "sultan".
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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