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Kaysanites
The Kaysanites were a Shi'i sect of Islam that formed from the followers of Al-Mukhtar. They are often described in later literature as ''ghulat'' – a kind of heretic.
==Etymology==
The followers of Al-Mukhtar who emerged from his movement (including all subsequent sub-sects which evolved from his movement) who firstly upheld the Imamate of Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah and his descendants or any other designated successors were initially named the "Mukhtariyya" (after Al-Mukhtar), but were soon more commonly referred to as the "Kaysaniyya" (i.e. Kaysanites). The name Kaysaniyya seems to have been based on the kunya (surname) Kaysan, allegedly given to Al-Mukhtar by Ali, or the name of a freed Mawali of Ali who was killed at the Battle of Siffin called Kaysan, from whom it is claimed Al-Mukhtar acquired his ideas. However, it is much more probably named after Abu ‘Amra Kaysan, a prominent Mawali and chief of Al-Mukhtar’s personal bodyguard.〔(The Isma'ilis: Their History and Doctrines, by Farhad Daftary, pg.59, 60 )〕〔(Islamic messianism: the idea of Mahdī in twelver Shīʻism, by Abdulaziz Abdulhussein Sachedina, pg.10 )〕〔(Early Shīʻī thought: the teachings of Imam Muhạmmad al-Bāqir, by Arzina R. Lalani, Institute of Ismaili Studies, pg.34 )〕
The Kaysanites were also known as "Hanifis" (after Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah (Banu Hanifah)),〔(Arabian studies, Volume 3, b University of Cambridge. Middle East Centre, pg.85 )〕 "Fourer Shi'a" (i.e. they recognized only 4 Imams after Muhammad)〔(Shi'ism, by Heinz Halm, pg.28 )〕 and "Khashabiyya" (i.e. men armed with clubs, because they were armed with wooden clubs or staffs).〔(Islamic desk reference, by E. J. van Donzel, pg.206 )〕〔Shi'ism, by Heinz Halm, pg.491〕
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