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Hawzen
Hawzen (Ge'ez: ሓውዜን) is a town in northern Ethiopia. Located in the Misraqawi (Eastern) Zone of the Tigray Region (or ''kilil''), this town has a latitude and longitude of with an elevation of 2105 meters above sea level. Its market day is Wednesday.〔Philip Briggs, ''Ethiopia: The Bradt Travel Guide'', 3rd edition (Chalfont St Peters: Bradt, 2002), p. 251〕 It is the largest settlement in Hawzen woreda.
== History ==
Tradition states that Hawzen was founded by the Sadqan, a group of Christian missionaries who came to Ethiopia during the reign of Kaleb of Axum. Four ancient stelae, similar to the Gudit Stelae outside Axum, can be found in the marketplace. The Church of Hawzen Tekle Haymanot, although a modern structure, encloses "a small rock-hewn church thought to be one of the oldest in Tigray based on the finely carved capital and column".〔Briggs, ''Ethiopia'', p. 252〕
On 8 March 1892, ''Dejazmach'' Sebhat Aregawi submitted to Ras Mangesha Yohannes at Hawzen by ceremonially carrying a stone upon his neck before Ras Mangesha as the other Rases of Tigray and Ichege Tewoflos watched; Ras Mangesha then pardoned the Dejazmach. By March 1895, after the town of Adigrat was occupied by the advancing Italian army, Ras Mangesha assembled about 4,000 men at the town of Hawzen for an attack on Adigrat. Italian General Oreste Baratieri reacted by gathering 3,144 soldiers near Senafe, then marched to the support of the Italian-appointed governor, Ras Hagos Tafari. When Baratieri entered Adigrat on 25 March, Mangesha withdrew into the Tigray interior.〔("Local History in Ethiopia" ) The Nordic Africa Institute website (accessed 21 February 2008)〕
More recently, on 22 June 1988 Hawzen was the target of one of the more brutal acts of the Derg against their opponents during the Ethiopian Civil War: upwards of 2,500 people were killed when the Ethiopian Air Force bombed the town marketplace.〔("Ethiopia: Reckoning under the Law" ), p. 8. (Human Rights Watch)〕 The parties and factors involved in the culmination of this air raid is yet to be revealed. The Tigray People's Liberation Front's cameras were positioned to capture the air raid from different angles, as is evidenced by the video released soon after the event. TPLF cameras captured the attack as it happened, and afterwards, went onto the ground recording, in graphic detail, the results of the air raid. Ethiopia's public opinion differs as to the role played by TPLF in the creation of this event.〔http://nazret.com/blog/index.php?c=1&more=1&pb=1&tb=1&title=ethiopia_sentences_five_mengistu_officer〕 Former TPLF leader Aregawi Berhe claims the attack was made at the direction, or at least tacit permission, of Legesse Asfaw, who had been appointed Chief Martial Law Administrator for Tigray the previous month.〔Aregawi Berhe, ''A Political history of the Tigray People's Liberation Front (1975-1991)'' (Los Angeles: Tsehai, 2009), p. 150〕 A memorial currently stands to commemorate the dead.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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