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Viola tricolor
''Viola tricolor'', known as (exhaustingly) heartsease, heart's ease, heart's delight, tickle-my-fancy, Jack-jump-up-and-kiss-me, come-and-cuddle-me, three faces in a hood, or love-in-idleness, is a common European wild flower, growing as an annual or short-lived perennial. It has been introduced into North America, where it has spread widely, and is known as the johnny jump up (though this name is also applied to similar species such as the yellow pansy). It is the progenitor of the cultivated pansy, and is therefore sometimes called wild pansy; before the cultivated pansies were developed, "pansy" was an alternative name for the wild form.
''V. tricolor'' is a small plant of creeping and ramping〔It can hoist itself as much as a meter into a dense tangle of other growth.〕 habit, reaching at most 15 cm in height, with flowers about 1.5 cm in diameter. It grows in short grassland on farms and wasteland, chiefly on acid or neutral soils. It is usually found in partial shade. It flowers from April to September (in the northern hemisphere). The flowers can be purple, blue, yellow or white. They are hermaphrodite and self-fertile, pollinated by bees.
As its name implies, heartsease has a long history of use in herbalism. It has been recommended, among other uses, for epilepsy, asthma, skin diseases and eczema.〔Maude Grieve, http://botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/h/hearts10.html〕 ''V. tricolor'' has a history in folk medicine of helping respiratory problems such as bronchitis, asthma, and cold symptoms.〔Rimkiene S. Ragazinskiene O. Savickiene N. ,"The cumulation of Wild pansy (Viola tricolor L.) accessions: the possibility of species preservation and usage in medicine." ''Medicina (Kaunas)'' 39(4):411-6, 2003.〕 It has expectorant properties, and so has been used in the treatment of chest complaints such as bronchitis and whooping cough. It is also a diuretic,〔Toiu A. Muntean E. Oniga I. Vostinaru O. Tamas M.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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