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Heckel-clarina
The heckel-clarina, also known as ''clarina'' or ''patent clarina'', is a very rare woodwind instrument, invented and manufactured by Wilhelm Heckel in Wiesbaden-Biebrich, Germany. Heckel received a patent for the instrument on 8 December 1889. It was apparently intended to be used for the shepherd’s pipe solo in Act III of Wagner's ''Tristan und Isolde''.〔 It was used beginning in 1891 at the Festspielhaus, Bayreuth as a substitute for Wagner's ''Holztrompete''. The clarina was found more practical and more effective in producing the desired tone-colour.
The heckel-clarina is a single reed, conical bore instrument made of metal, resembling a soprano saxophone.〔
It has the fingering of the oboe and the clarinet single-reed mouthpiece.〔 Two versions, one a transposing instrument in B♭ and one in E♭, were produced. According to Heckel's promotional materials, the heckel-clarina's tone resembled that of a cor anglais in its low register, a saxophone in the middle, and a clarinet in its upper range.〔 The compass of the B♭ instrument is:〔
The clarina was found very effective as a solo instrument.〔 The instrument is not to be confused with the heckelphone-clarinet, also a very rare conical bore single reed woodwind by Heckel but lower in pitch and made of wood.
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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