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Heckelphone
The heckelphone ((ドイツ語:Heckelphon)) is a musical instrument invented by Wilhelm Heckel and his sons. The idea to create the instrument was initiated by Richard Wagner, who suggested at the occasion of a visit of Wilhelm Heckel in 1879.〔http://www.heckel.de/en/prod-heckelphon.htm〕 Introduced in 1904, it is similar to the oboe but pitched an octave lower.
==General characteristics==
The heckelphone is a double reed instrument of the oboe family, but with a wider bore and hence a heavier and more penetrating tone. It is pitched an octave below the oboe and furnished with an additional semitone taking its range down to A.〔Jürgen Meyer (''Acoustics and the Performance of Music: Manual for Acousticians, Audio Engineers, Musicians, Architects and Musical Instrument Makers (Modern Acoustics and Signal Processing)'' ) pg. 73 Springer Publishing (2009) ISBN 0-387-09516-0〕 It was intended to provide a broad oboe-like sound in the middle register of the swollen orchestrations of the turn of the twentieth century. In the orchestral repertoire it is generally used as the bass of an oboe section incorporating the oboe and the cor anglais (English horn), filling the gap between the oboes and bassoons.
The heckelphone is approximately 1.3 m (4 ft.) in length, and is quite heavy: it rests on the floor, supported by a short metal peg attached to the underside of its bulbous bell. An alternate second bell, called a "muting" bell, is also available, which serves to muffle the instrument for playing in a small ensemble. This arrangement is unique among double-reed instruments. It is played with a large double reed that more closely resembles a bassoon's than an oboe's reed.
Smaller piccolo- and terz-heckelphones were developed, pitched respectively in (high) F and E, but few were made, and they were less successful than the baritone-range instrument.〔Sibyl Marcuse, ''Musical Instruments: A Comprehensive Dictionary'', corrected edition (The Norton Library N758) (New York: W. W. Norton, 1975): 239–40.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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