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Heian-kyō (平安京, literally "tranquility and peace capital") was one of several former names for the city now known as Kyoto. It was the capital of Japan for over one thousand years, from 794 to 1868 with an interruption in 1180. Emperor Kammu established it as the capital in 794, moving the Imperial Court there from nearby Nagaoka-kyō at the recommendation of his advisor Wake no Kiyomaro and marking the beginning of the Heian period of Japanese history. The city was modelled after the Tang Dynasty Chinese capital of Chang'an (modern-day Xi'an).〔.〕 It remained the chief political center until 1185, when the samurai Minamoto clan defeated the Taira clan in the Genpei War, moving administration of national affairs to Kamakura and establishing the Kamakura shogunate. Though political power would be wielded by the samurai class over the course of three different shogunates, Heian remained the site of the Imperial Court and seat of Imperial power, and thus remained the official capital. In fact, even after the seat of Imperial power was moved to Tokyo in 1868, since there is no law which makes Tokyo the capital, there is a view that Kyoto legally or officially remains the capital even today. In 1994, Kyoto City held various events commemorating the 1200th anniversary. == Description == Heian-kyō was built in what is now the central part of Kyoto city covering an area spanning the and of . ''Kuni'' and ''gun'' are different types of administrative districts in use between the Nara and Meiji periods.) The city boundaries formed a rectangle measuring 4.5 km from east to west and 5.2 km from north to south. The city layout followed Heijō-kyō (Japan’s capital during the Nara period) with the Imperial palace, Daidairi, placed in the centre of the northern city limits and the Suzaku Avenue (Suzaku-oji), the main thoroughfare extending from the palace down through the centre of the city, dividing it into the Right (Ukyō) and Left Capitals (Sakyō) (the eastern side being the Left and the western side being the Right from the emperor's viewpoint.) The design followed Sui and Tang dynasty Changan with the exception that Heian-kyō had no city walls. It is thought that the site for the city was selected according to the principles of based on Chinese Feng shui. ''Shijinsoō'' (lit. “Four God Suitability”) relates to the Four Symbols of Chinese astrology. The boundaries of Heian-kyō were smaller than those of modern Kyoto, with at the northern limit corresponding to present-day , between and , Kyujo-oji in the south corresponding to slightly to the south of the present-day JR Kyoto Station and Higashi-kyogoku-oji in the east corresponding to present-day Teramachi Street (Teramachi-dori). The location of Nishi-kyogoku-oji at the western limit is estimated as a line running north to south from Hanazono Station on the JR San'in Main Line to Nishi-Kyōgoku Station on the Hankyu Kyoto Line. The layout of Heian-kyō was plotted in accordance with the principles of geomancy as a square city. Jo (丈, 3.03 meters) was the basic unit of measurement. 40² Jo (丈) made a Cho (町, 121.2 meters on each side). The city was further divided by major streets called Oji (大路) and minor streets called Koji (小路). Four lines of Cho running east to west (excepting the first 2 rows in the north) were together called a “Jo” (条) and four lines of Cho running from north to south were called a “Bo” (坊) The Cho which shared the same Jo and Bo were each given a number from 1 to 16. In this way addresses could be identified as follows: "Right Capital, Jo Five, Bo Ten, Cho Fourteen" (右京五条十坊十四町). The width of even the minor streets was 4 Jo (丈, about 12m) and for the major streets over 8 Jo (丈, about 24m.) Almost all of the streets in present-day Kyoto have become considerably narrower. Suzaku-oji for example was 28 Jo (丈, about 84m) wide. In addition a river ran alongside and . 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Heian-kyō」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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