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)|Ejin River}} }} |official_name = |nickname = |motto = |image_skyline = Heihe.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = |blank_emblem_size = |image_map = China Heilongjiang Heihe.svg |mapsize = |map_caption = Heihe (red) in Heilongjiang province (orange) |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |pushpin_map = Heilongjiang |pushpin_map_caption = Location of the city proper in Heilongjiang |pushpin_label_position = right |pushpin_mapsize = 240 |coordinates_display = inline,title |coordinates_region = CN-23 |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = People's Republic of China |subdivision_type1 = Province |subdivision_name1 = Heilongjiang |subdivision_type2 = County-level divisions |subdivision_name2 = 6 |seat_type = |seat = |government_type = Prefecture-level city |leader_title = CPC Heihe Secretary |leader_name = Liu Gang () |leader_title1 = Mayor |leader_name1 = Zhang Enliang () |established_title = |established_date = 1683.12.13 |area_magnitude = |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = 54390 |area_land_km2 = |area_water_km2 = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_metro_km2 = 1443 |population_as_of = 2010 |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total = 1673898 |population_density_km2 = |population_metro = 211313 |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_urban = |population_density_urban_km2 = |timezone = China Standard |utc_offset = +8 |latd= 50|latm= 14|lats= 42|latNS=N |longd=127|longm=28|longs=54|longEW=E |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = |postal_code_type = Postal code |postal_code = 164300 |area_code = 0456 |blank_name =Licence plates |blank_info =黑N |blank1_name =ISO 3166-2 |blank1_info =cn-23-11 |website = http://www.heihe.gov.cn/ |footnotes = }} Heihe (; "Black River") is a prefecture-level city of northern Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China, located on the Russian border, on the south bank of the Amur River, across the river from Blagoveshchensk. Heihe has an urban population of about 211,313, while the total population of the prefecture-level city is 1,673,893.〔(黑河市2010年第六次全国人口普查主要数据公报 )〕 Heihe marks the northeast terminus of the Heihe–Tengchong Line, which is sometimes used to divide China into east and west. ==History== (詳細はHeilongjiang, along with Tsitsihar, Yilan, Acheng and Hulan. Human beings started to settle in Heihe region as early as the Paleolithic Age.〔 (Amur Oblast: the History. The peoples of the Amur Land) 〕 Later it became home to local tribes. During the Qing Dynasty, Heihe was the first place troops sent to Heilongjiang were stationed. The predecessor of today's Heihe was the town established by the indigenous Ducher people of the Amur Valley in the mid 1650s.〔 It was established some south of the modern city site〔(The Ancient City of Aigun )〕 (in today's Aihui District) and was known as Aigun, Heilongjiang, or Saghalien Ula. (The two last names both mean "the Black Dragon River" - the name for the Amur River in Chinese and Manchu, respectively). After the Ducher were evacuated by the Qing to the Sungari or Hurka in the 1650s, the Ducher town was probably vacated. However, in 1683-85 the Manchus re-used the site as a base for their campaign against the Russian fort of Albazin.〔Bruce Mancall, 'Russia and China: Their Diplomatic Relations to 1728, 1971, pages 115-127〕 Aigun was the capital (the seat of the military governor) of Heilongjiang from 1683 to 1690, before the capital was moved to Nenjiang (Mergen). After the capture of Albazin in 1685 or 1686, the Qing governor relocated the town to a new site on the right (southwestern) bank of the Amur, about 3 miles downstream from the original.〔E.G.Ravenstein, ''The Russians on the Amur''. London, 1861. (text ) can be found on Google Books. Pages 18,48.〕〔The Jesuits (at du Halde, pp. 18-19), who visited the "new" Aigun ca. 1709, mentioned the old site on the left bank of the river (which they called ''Aykom''), but said that it was 13 ((unit)| )li], i.e., some 8.3 km, upstream from the new site. They also claimed that ''Aykom'' was originally founded by the 15th-century Ming Yongle Emperor but abandoned within 20 years. Although Yongle's Amur expeditions are well known (see, e.g., Yishiha), there seem to be no corroboration in modern literature for the existence of a Yongle-era fort at the Old Aigun site.〕 The new site occupied the location of the former village of the Daurian chief named Tolga.〔 The city became known primarily under its Manchu name Saghalien Ula hoton (Manchu: 萨哈连乌拉) and Chinese name Heilongjiang Cheng (黑龍江城), which both mean "Black River City".〔Jean-Baptiste Du Halde, (''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique, et physique de l'empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise, enrichie des cartes générales et particulieres de ces pays, de la carte générale et des cartes particulieres du Thibet, & de la Corée; & ornée d'un grand nombre de figures & de vignettes gravées en tailledouce'', Vol. 4 ) (La Haye: H. Scheurleer, 1736). Pp. 18-19.〕 Later the governor office was transferred to Qiqihar. However, Aigun remained the seat of the Deputy Lieutenant-General (Fu dutong), responsible for a large district covering much of the Amur Valley within the province of Heilongjiang as it existed in those days.〔 thumb Aigun was visited around 1709 as a part of a nationwide Sino-French cartographic program by the Jesuits Jean-Baptiste Régis, Pierre Jartoux, and Xavier Ehrenbert Fridelli,〔Jean-Baptiste Du Halde, (''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique, et physique de l'empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise, enrichie des cartes générales et particulieres de ces pays, de la carte générale et des cartes particulieres du Thibet, & de la Corée; & ornée d'un grand nombre de figures & de vignettes gravées en tailledouce'', Vol. 1 ) (La Haye: H. Scheurleer, 1736). (p. xxxviii in Vol. 1)〕 who found it a stronghold, serving as the base of Manchus controlling the Amur River basin. The Aigun Treaty was concluded at Aigun in 1858. According to this treaty, the left bank of the Amur River was conceded to Czarist Russia. After Xinhai Revolution, Aigun became the county seat of the newly created Aigun County by the Republic of China. On November 15, 1980, Heihe City was established, administering two county-level cities and three counties including Beian, Wudalianchi, Nenjiang, Sunwu and ()]. Aihui County was abolished, being merged into the Heihe City.〔(爱辉区概况 ) (Aihui District overview) 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Heihe」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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