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' ((:ˈhaɪmatˌfɪlm), German for "homeland-film"; German plural: ') is the name given to a film genre that was popular in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria from the late 1940s to the early 1970s. They were usually shot in the Alps, the Black Forest, or the Lüneburg Heath and always involved the outdoors. These films were noted for their rural settings, sentimental tone and simplistic morality, and centered on love, friendship, family and non-urban life. Also, the polarity between old and young, tradition and progress, and rural and urban life was articulated. The typical plot structure involved both a "good" and "bad" guy wanting a girl, conflict ensuing, and the "good" guy ultimately triumphing to win the girl to the happiness of everyone and the children. ''Heimat'' is a German word that can be translated as home, homeland, home soil or fatherland (each having a different emphasis and connotation). English-language features that could qualify as ''Heimatfilme'' include ''Lassie Come Home'', ''Spencer's Mountain'', and ''Where the Red Fern Grows.'' The genre originally came to life following the devastation of Germany in World War II, suggesting a whole, romantic world untouched by the hazards of real life (i.e. war damage and subsequent rebuilding); this remained popular from the mid-1940s to the 1960s. The Berlin-based studio Berolina Film was the driving force behind the development of ''Heimatfilm''.〔Hake p. 90〕 In the immediate post-World War II era, the idea of ' is linked to the experience of loss of more than twelve million Germans, known as Vertriebene, who were displaced from the former eastern territories of the Third Reich. Contemporary concerns with expulsion and (re-)integration become manifest in many of the more than three hundred ' that were produced during the 1950s. This is particularly true for the as Johannes von Moltke shows with respect to the 1951 version of ''The Heath Is Green'' (''Grün ist die Heide''). The ' made during the chancellorships of Konrad Adenauer and Ludwig Erhard present idyllic images of the countryside. Nevertheless, the post-war genre does deal with questions of modernisation, social change and consumerism; it "affords the positive resolution of contemporary social and ideological concerns about territory and identity".〔Johannes von Moltke, ''No Place like Home'', 82.〕 The trilogy of films called ''Heimat'' by the German director Edgar Reitz (1984, 1992, and 2004) are partly an ironic reference to this type of sentimental film. ==References== Notes Sources * Hake, Sabine. ''German National Cinema''. New York: Routledge, 2002. * Von Moltke, Johannes. ''No Place Like Home: Locations of Heimat in German Cinema''. Berkeley: U of California Press, 2005. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Heimatfilm」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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