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Heimdallr
In Norse mythology, Heimdallr (modern Icelandic Heimdallur) is a god who possesses the resounding horn Gjallarhorn, owns the golden-maned horse Gulltoppr, has gold teeth, and is the son of Nine Mothers. Heimdallr is attested as possessing foreknowledge, keen eyesight and hearing, is described as "the whitest of the gods", and keeps watch for the onset of Ragnarök while drinking fine mead in his dwelling Himinbjörg, located where the burning rainbow bridge Bifröst meets Asgard, the world of the gods. Heimdallr is said to be the originator of social classes among humanity and once regained Freyja's treasured possession Brísingamen while doing battle in the shape of a seal with Loki. Heimdallr and Loki are foretold to kill one another during the events of Ragnarök. Heimdallr is additionally referred to as Rig, Hallinskiði, Gullintanni, and Vindlér or Vindhlér.
Heimdallr is attested in the ''Poetic Edda'', compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional material; in the ''Prose Edda'' and ''Heimskringla'', both written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson; in the poetry of skalds; and on an Old Norse runic inscription found in England. Two lines of an otherwise lost poem about the god, ''Heimdalargaldr'', survive. Due to the problematic and enigmatic nature of these attestations, scholars have produced various theories about the nature of the god, including his apparent relation to rams, that he may be a personification of or connected to the world tree Yggdrasil, and potential Indo-European cognates.
==Names and etymology==
''Heimdallr'' also appears as Heimdalr and Heimdali. The etymology of the name is obscure, but 'the one who illuminates the world' has been proposed. ''Heimdallr'' may be connected to ''Mardöll'', one of Freyja's names.〔Simek (2007:135 and 202).〕 ''Heimdallr'' and its variants are sometimes modernly anglicized as Heimdall (with the nominative ''-r'' dropped) or Heimdal.
Heimdallr is attested as having three other names; ''Hallinskiði'', ''Gullintanni'', and ''Vindlér'' or ''Vindhlér''. The name ''Hallinskiði'' is obscure, but has resulted in a series of attempts at deciphering it. ''Gullintanni'' literally means 'the one with the golden teeth'. ''Vindlér'' (or ''Vindhlér'') translates as either 'the one protecting against the wind' or 'wind-sea'. All three have resulted in numerous theories about the god.〔Simek (2007:122, 128, and 363).〕
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