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Hekla (), or Hecla, is a stratovolcano in the south of Iceland with a height of . Hekla is one of Iceland's most active volcanoes; over 20 eruptions have occurred in and around the volcano since 874. During the Middle Ages, Europeans called the volcano the "Gateway to Hell". Hekla is part of a volcanic ridge, long. The most active part of this ridge, a fissure about long named ''Heklugjá'', is considered to be the volcano Hekla proper. Hekla looks rather like an overturned boat, with its keel being a series of craters, two of which are generally the most active. The volcano's frequent large eruptions have covered much of Iceland with tephra and these layers can be used to date eruptions of Iceland's other volcanos. 10% of the tephra created in Iceland in the last thousand years has come from Hekla, amounting to 5 km3. The volcano has produced one of the largest volumes of lava of any in the world in the last millennium, around 8 km3. ==Reputation== In Icelandic ''Hekla'' is the word for a short hooded cloak which may relate to the frequent cloud cover on the summit. An early Latin source refers to the mountain as ''Mons Casule''.〔Thorarinsson, p. 7〕 After the eruption of 1104 stories, probably spread deliberately through Europe by Cistercian monks, told that Hekla was the gateway to Hell.〔Thorarinsson, Hekla, p. 4〕 The Cistercian monk Herbert of Clairvaux wrote in his ''De Miraculis'' (without naming Hekla): A poem by the monk Benedeit from circa 1120 about the voyages of Saint Brendan mentions Hekla as the prison of Judas. The ''Flatey Book Annal'' wrote of the 1341 eruption that people saw large and small birds flying in the mountain's fire which were taken to be souls.〔Thorarinsson, p. 6〕 In the 16th century Caspar Peucer wrote that the Gates of Hell could be found in "the bottomless abyss of Hekla Fell". The belief that Hekla was the gate to Hell persisted until the 1800s.〔Thorarinsson, p. 5〕 There is still a legend that witches gather on Hekla for Easter.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hekla」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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