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}} Gulbuddin Hekmatyar ((パシュトー語:ګلبدین حکمتیار); (ペルシア語:گلبدین حکمتیار); born 26 June 1947) is the former Prime Minister of Afghanistan and founder and active leader of the Hezb-e Islami political party, and a designated "global terrorist" by the United States.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Afghanistan's Civil Wars: Violations by United Front Factions )〕〔 After escaping from prison in Afghanistan in 1973, he moved to Pakistan. When the Soviet war in Afghanistan began in 1979, the CIA began funding his rapidly growing Hezb-e Islami mujahideen organization through the ISI.〔http://web.archive.org/web/19980501213950/http://www.afghan-web.com/politics/hekmatyar.html〕 Following the stepping down of Afghan President Najibullah in 1992, Hekmatyar and other warlords began a civil war in Afghanistan, which led to the deaths of around 50,000 civilians in Kabul alone. In the meantime, Hekmatyar was promoted to becoming Prime Minister of Afghanistan from 1993 to 1994 and again briefly in 1996. This was followed by the Taliban takeover of Kabul and Hekmatyar's escape to Iran's capital Tehran for safety. One of the most controversial of the mujahideen commanders, he has been accused of spending "more time fighting other Mujahideen than killing Soviets."〔Bergen, Peter L., ''Holy War, Inc.: Inside the Secret World of Osama bin Laden'', News: Free Press, 2001, pp. 69–70〕 ==Early life== Gulbuddin Hekmatyar was born in 1947 in Imam Sahib District of the Kunduz province, northern Afghanistan, a member of the Kharoti tribe of the Ghilzai Pashtun. His father, Ghulam Qader, who migrated to Kunduz, is originally from the center of Ghazni province.〔 Afghan businessman and Kharoti tribal leader Gholam Serwar Nasher deemed Hekmatyar to be a bright young man and sent him to the Mahtab Qala military academy in 1968, but he was expelled due to his political views two years later.〔〔Borovik, Artyom, ''The Hidden War'', 1990. International Relations Publishing House, USSR〕 From 1970 to 1972, Hekmatyar attended Kabul University's engineering department. Though he did not complete his degree, his followers still wrongly address him as "Engineer Hekmatyar".〔 Hekmatyar initially was a pro-Soviet militant of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) but with time adopted an extremist interpretation of Islam.〔 In 1972 he was arrested for the murder of a student, Saidal Sokhandan, at Kabul University, but was released as part of an amnesty.〔Killing the Cranes: A Reporter's Journey through Three Decades of War in Afghanistan〕 He was released when the monarchy of Zahir Shah was overthrown by his cousin and prime minister Daoud Khan in 1973. After being released, Hekmatyar joined the Sazman-i Jawanan-i Musulman ("Organization of Muslim Youth")〔 which was gaining influence because of its opposition to the Soviet influence in Afghanistan increasing through the PDPA elements in Daoud's government. Hekmatyar's radicalism put him in confrontation with elements in the Muslim Youth surrounding Ahmad Shah Massoud, also an engineering student at Kabul University. In 1975, trying to murder a rival for the second time in three years, Hekmatyar with Pakistani help tried to assassinate Massoud, then 22 years old, but failed. In 1975, the "Islamic Society" split between supporters of Massoud and Burhanuddin Rabbani, who led the Jamiat-e Islami, and elements surrounding Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, who then founded the Hezb-i Islami. Akbarzadeh and Yasmeen describe Hekmatyar's approach as "radical" and antagonistic as opposed to an "inclusive" and "moderate" strategy by Rabbani. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gulbuddin Hekmatyar」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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