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Heliamphora
The genus ''Heliamphora'' ( or ; Greek: ''helos'' "marsh" and ''amphoreus'' "amphora") contains 23 species of pitcher plants endemic to South America.〔McPherson, S., A. Wistuba, A. Fleischmann & J. Nerz 2011. ''Sarraceniaceae of South America''. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.〕 The species are collectively known as sun pitchers, based on the mistaken notion that the ''heli'' of ''Heliamphora'' is from the Greek ''helios'', meaning "sun". In fact, the name derives from ''helos'', meaning marsh, so a more accurate translation of their scientific name would be marsh pitcher plants.〔Mellichamp, T.L. 1979. ''Carnivorous Plant Newsletter'' 8(3): 89.〕 Species in the genus ''Heliamphora'' are carnivorous plants that consist of a modified leaf form that is fused into a tubular shape. They have evolved mechanisms to attract, trap, and kill insects; and control the amount of water in the pitcher. At least one species (''H. tatei'') produces its own proteolytic enzymes that allows it to digest its prey without the help of symbiotic bacteria.
==Morphology==
All ''Heliamphora'' are herbaceous perennial plants that grow from a subterranean rhizome. ''H. tatei'' grows as a shrub, up to four meters tall, all other species form prostrate rosettes. The leaf size ranges from a few centimeters (''H. minor'', ''H. pulchella'') up to more than 50 cm (''H. ionasi'').〔 ''Heliamphora'' possess tubular traps formed by rolled leaves with fused edges. Marsh pitcher plants are unusual among pitcher plants in that they lack lids (opercula), instead having a small "nectar spoon" on the upper posterior portion of the leaf. This spoon-like structure secretes a nectar-like substance, which serves as a lure for insects and small animals. Each pitcher also exhibits a small slit in its side that allows excess rainwater to drain away, similar to the overflow on a sink. This allows the marsh pitcher plants to maintain a constant maximum level of rainwater within the pitcher. The pitchers' inner surface is covered with downward-pointing hairs to force insects into the pitchers' lower parts.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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