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Heliciculture, also known as heliculture, commonly known as snail farming, is the process of raising land snails specifically for human use, either to use their flesh as edible escargot, or more recently, to obtain snail slime for use in cosmetics, or snail eggs for human consumption as a type of caviar. Perhaps the best known edible land snail species in the Western world is ''Helix pomatia'', the Roman snail, Burgundy snail or Apple snail. Another species eaten is ''Helix aspersa''. Both of these land snails are European in their native range. Other species of land snail that are consumed by humans are found in Europe, Northern Africa, North America and in various other parts of the world. ==History== Roasted snail shells have been found in archaeological excavations, an indication that snails have been eaten since prehistoric times.〔(Prehistoric edible land snails in the circum-Mediterranean: the archaeological evidence. ), D. Lubell. In J-J. Brugal & J. Desse (eds.), ''Petits Animaux et Sociétés Humaines. Du Complément Alimentaire Aux Ressources Utilitaires''. XXIVe rencontres internationales d'archéologie et d'histoire d'Antibes, pp. 77-98. Antibes: Éditions APDCA.〕〔(Are land snails a signature for the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition? ) In, M. Budja (ed.), ''Neolithic Studies 11. Documenta Praehistorica XXXI'': 1-24. D. Lubell.〕 ''Lumaca romana'', (translation: Roman snail), was an ancient method of snail farming or heliciculture in the region about Tarquinia. This snail farming method was described by Fulvius Lippinus (49 BC) and mentioned by Marcus Terentius Varro in ''De Re rustica'' III, 12.〔(De Re Rustica III, 12 )〕 The snails were fattened for human consumption using corn flour and aromatic herbs. People usually raised snails in pens near the house, and these pens were called "cochlea". The Romans, in particular, are known to have considered escargot as an elite food, as noted in the writings of Pliny. The Romans selected the best snails for breeding. Shells of the edible land snail species ''Otala lactea'' have been recovered in archaeological excavations of Volubilis in present-day Morocco.〔C. Michael Hogan, ''Volubilis'', The Megalithic Portal, ed. Andy Burnham (2007) ()〕 Pliny described the snail garden of Fulvius Hirpinus 2,000 years ago as having separate sections for different species of snails. Hirpinus allegedly fed his snails on meal and wine. "Wall fish" were also often eaten in Britain, but were never as popular as on the continent. There, people often ate snails during Lent, and in a few places, they consumed large quantities of snails at Mardi Gras or Carnival, as a foretaste of Lent. According to some sources, the French exported brown garden snails to California in the 1850s, raising them as the delicacy escargot. Other sources claim that Italian immigrants were the first to bring the snail to the United States. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Heliciculture」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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