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Helwan ((アラビア語:حلوان) ', ), also spelled ''Hilwan'' or ''Hulwan'' or ''Holwan'', is a city in Egypt and part of Greater Cairo, on the bank of the Nile, opposite the ruins of Memphis. Originally a southern suburb of Cairo, it served as the capital of the now defunct Helwan Governorate from April 2008 to April 2011, after which it was re-incorporated into the Cairo Governorate. The ''kism'' of Helwan had a population of 643,327 at the 2006 population census.〔(Central Agency for Public Mobilisation and Statistics, Population and Housing Census 2006, Population distribution by sex, gov: Cairo ) Retrieved on 2008-04-01.〕 ==History== Helwan has been identified with ancient Alphocranon, whose bishop Harpocration participated in the First Council of Nicaea in 325. The bishopric is mentioned in two ''Notitiae Episcopatuum''. No longer a residential diocese, Alphocranon is today listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see.〔Siméon Vailhé, v. ''Alphocranon'', in (''Dictionnaire d'Histoire et de Géographie ecclésiastiques'' ), vol. XII, Paris 1953, col. 677〕〔Klaas A. Worp, (''A Checklist of Bishops in Byzantine Egypt (A.D. 325 - c. 750)'' ), in ''Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik'' 100 (1994) 283-318〕〔''Annuario Pontificio 2013'' (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 ISBN 978-88-209-9070-1), p. 829〕 The Khedivial Astronomical Observatory was built here 1903-1904, and was used to observe Halley's comet. Egypt's oldest and largest private psychiatric clinic, the Behman Hospital, was also constructed here in 1939. During the early part of the 20th century, the city was the site of RAF Helwan, a major British airbase, which was later used by the Egyptian Air Force. In 1959 Helwan was chosen to serve as a site of a major industrial city, as part of President Gamal Abdel Nasser's attempts to industrialize Egypt. Throughout the 1960s it developed into a massive steel works zone, with numerous automobile factories being built. The site continues to use electricity from the Aswan Dam and iron ore from Egypt's western deserts. Helwan was gradually transformed into a mass suburb of Cairo for the working class.〔Beattie, Andrew. (2005) ''(Cairo: A Cultural and Literary History )''. Signal Books. p. 196. ISBN 9781902669779〕 In April 2008, the Helwan Governorate was split from the Cairo Governorate. It encompassed most of the suburbs, new compounds and villages located in the southern part of Cairo. The city of Helwan became the capital of the new governorate. Following the dissolution of the Helwan Governorate in April 2011, the city of Helwan was reincorporated into the Cairo Governorate. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Helwan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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