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Hematemesis or haematemesis is the vomiting of blood.〔 The source is generally the upper gastrointestinal tract, typically above the suspensory muscle of duodenum.〔 Patients can easily confuse it with hemoptysis (coughing up blood), although the latter is more common. Hematemesis "is always an important sign".〔 Vomited blood volumes in excess of 5.5 litres could be life-threatening.〔 ==Causes== Causes can be: *Mallory-Weiss syndrome: bleeding tears in the esophagal mucosa, usually caused by prolonged and vigorous retching. * Irritation or erosion of the lining of the esophagus or stomach * Vomiting of ingested blood after hemorrhage in the oral cavity, nose or throat * Vascular malfunctions of the gastrointestinal tract, such as bleeding gastric varices or intestinal varices * Tumors of the stomach or esophagus. * Radiation poisoning * Viral hemorrhagic fevers * Gastroenteritis * Gastritis * Peptic ulcer * Chronic viral hepatitis * Intestinal schistosomiasis (caused by the parasite ''Schistosoma mansoni'') * History of smoking * Iatrogenic injury (invasive procedure such as endoscopy or transesophageal echocardiography) * Zollinger–Ellison syndrome (severe peptic ulcer) * Atrio-oesophageal fistula * Yellow fever 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hematemesis」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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