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Hemerocallidoideae is the botanical name of a subfamily of flowering plants, part of the family Xanthorrhoeaceae ''sensu lato'' in the monocot order Asparagales according to the APG system of 2009. Earlier classification systems treated the group as a separate family, the Hemerocallidaceae. The name is derived from the generic name of the type genus, ''Hemerocallis''. The largest genera in the group are ''Dianella'' (with 20 species), ''Hemerocallis'' (15), and ''Caesia'' (11). In the 21st century, the group has had two basic forms, depending on whether ''Johnsonia'' and its relatives are included or not. Each of these forms can vary by the inclusion or exclusion of ''Xeronema''. If defined narrowly, most of the group are native to tropical and temperate Eurasia and Australia. They also occur in New Zealand, many Pacific islands, western South America, and Madagascar, but not in Sub-Saharan Africa or North America.〔Ole Seberg. 2007. "Hemerocallidaceae" pages 370-371. In: Vernon H. Heywood, Richard K. Brummitt, Ole Seberg, and Alastair Culham. ''Flowering Plant Families of the World''. Firefly Books: Ontario, Canada. ISBN 978-1-55407-206-4.〕 If defined broadly, then the group includes the genus ''Caesia'', which is indigenous to Southern Africa, as well as Australia.〔Ole Seberg. 2007. "Johnsoniaceae" page 376. In: Vernon H. Heywood, Richard K. Brummitt, Ole Seberg, and Alastair Culham. ''Flowering Plant Families of the World''. Firefly Books: Ontario, Canada. ISBN 978-1-55407-206-4.〕 The APG III system of 2009 uses the broader definition of the group, treating it as the subfamily Hemerocallidoideae of the family Xanthorrhoeaceae ''sensu lato''.〔 ''Hemerocallis fulva'' is a common ornamental. Other species of ''Hemerocallis'' are cultivated as well. ''Hemerocallis citrina'' has medicinal uses. ''Phormium tenax'' is a source of fiber in New Zealand. ==Circumscription== Some of the older systems included ''Xeronema'' in Hemerocallidaceae, but with considerable doubt about whether it really belonged there.〔H. Trevor Clifford, Rodney J.F. Henderson, and John G. Conran. 1998. "Hemerocallidaceae" pages 245-253. In: Klaus Kubitzki (editor). 1998. ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'' volume III. Springer-Verlag: Berlin;Heidelberg, Germany. ISBN 978-3-540-64060-8〕 Molecular phylogenetic studies of DNA sequences have shown that ''Xeronema'' is sister to a clade consisting of Xanthorrhoeaceae ''sensu lato'', Amaryllidaceae ''sensu lato'', and Asparagaceae ''sensu lato''.〔J. Chris Pires, Ivan J. Maureira, Thomas J. Givnish, Kenneth J. Sytsma, Ole Seberg, Gitte Petersen, Jerrold I. Davis, Dennis W. Stevenson, Paula J. Rudall, Michael F. Fay, and Mark W. Chase. 2006. "Phylogeny, genome size, and chromosome evolution of Asparagales". ''Aliso'' 22(''Monocots: Comparative Biology and Evolution''):287-304. ISSN 0065-6275.〕 ''Xeronema'' is now placed in its own family, Xeronemataceae.〔 In 1985, Dahlgren, Clifford, and Yeo produced a work on monocot taxonomy that remained influential for over two decades.〔Rolf M.T. Dahlgren, H. Trevor Clifford, and Peter F. Yeo. 1985. ''The Families of the Monocotyledons''. Springer-Verlag: Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo. ISBN 978-3-540-13655-2. ISBN 978-0-387-13655-4.〕 They defined Hemerocallidaceae as consisting only of ''Hemerocallis''. They excluded ''Phormium'' and its relatives, placing them into a separate family, Phormiaceae. This treatment was followed by Armen Takhtajan in 2009, in a classification that was based almost entirely on morphology and that recognized paraphyletic groups. It was not followed in a major work on monocot taxonomy which appeared in 1998.〔 In the 21st century, Hemerocallidaceae has been defined in essentially two different ways in systems based on monophyletic groups.〔 In the narrower of these circumscriptions, Hemerocallidaceae ''sensu stricto'', it consists of 12 genera and 40 to 50 species.〔 It does not include the 8 genera and about 38 species that are placed in a separate family, Johnsoniaceae.〔H. Trevor Clifford, and John G. Conran. 1998. "Johnsoniaceae" pages 336-340. In: Klaus Kubitzki (editor). 1998. ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'' volume III. Springer-Verlag: Berlin;Heidelberg, Germany. ISBN 978-3-540-64060-8〕 The broader version of the family, Hemerocallidaceae sensu lato, includes those species that would otherwise be assigned to Johnsoniaceae. Johnsoniaceae and Hemerocallidaceae ''sensu stricto'' form a clade that has strong statistical support. One study found Johnsoniaceae to be embedded in Hemerocallidaceae ''sensu stricto'', but this result did not have strong bootstrap support.〔Dion S. Devey, Ilia Leitch, Paula J. Rudall, J. Chris Pires, Yohan Pillon, and Mark W. Chase. "Systematics of Xanthorrhoeaceae sensu lato, with an emphasis on ''Bulbine''". ''Aliso'' 22(''Monocots: Comparative Biology and Evolution''):345-351. ISSN 0065-6275.〕 The broader version of Hemerocallidaceae is the one that was accepted by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group when they published the APG II system in 2003. When this system was superseded by APG III in 2009, Hemerocallidaceae was not recognized, instead being treated as subfamily Hemerocallidoideae of the expanded family Xanthorrhoeaceae ''sensu lato''.〔 For a phylogeny of Hemerocallidaceae, see the phylogenetic tree at Xanthorrhoeaceae. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hemerocallidoideae」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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