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Hera
Hera (, , Greek , ''Hērā'', equivalently , ''Hērē'', in Ionic and Homer) is the wife and one of three sisters of Zeus in the Olympian pantheon of Greek mythology and religion. Her chief function was as the goddess of women and marriage. Her counterpart in the religion of ancient Rome was Juno.〔''Larousse Desk Reference Encyclopedia'', The Book People, Haydock, 1995, p. 215.〕 The cow, lion and the peacock were considered sacred to her. Hera's mother is Rhea and her father Cronus.
Portrayed as majestic and solemn, often enthroned, and crowned with the ''polos'' (a high cylindrical crown worn by several of the Great Goddesses), Hera may bear a pomegranate in her hand, emblem of fertile blood and death and a substitute for the narcotic capsule of the opium poppy.〔Ruck, Carl A.P., and Danny Staples, ''The World of Classical Myth'', 1994.〕 Scholar of Greek mythology Walter Burkert writes in ''Greek Religion'', "Nevertheless, there are memories of an earlier aniconic representation, as a pillar in Argos and as a plank in Samos."〔Walter Burkert, ''Greek Religion'', (Harvard University Press) 1985, p. 131〕
Hera was known for her jealous and vengeful nature against Zeus's lovers and offspring, but also against mortals who crossed her, such as Pelias. Paris also earned Hera's hatred by choosing Aphrodite as the most beautiful goddess.
==Etymology==
The name of Hera admits a variety of mutually exclusive etymologies; one possibility is to connect it with Greek ὥρα ''hōra'', season, and to interpret it as ripe for marriage and according to Plato ἐρατή ''eratē'', "beloved"〔(ἐρατός ) at LSJ〕 as Zeus is said to have married her for love.〔Plato, Cratylus, (404c )〕 According to Plutarch, Hera was an allegorical name and an anagram of ''aēr'' (ἀήρ, "air").〔·On Isis and Osiris, 32〕 So begins the section on Hera in Walter Burkert's ''Greek Religion''.〔Burkert, p. 131.〕 In a note, he records other scholars' arguments "for the meaning Mistress as a feminine to ''Heros'', Master." John Chadwick, a decipherer of Linear B, remarks "her name may be connected with ''hērōs'', ἥρως, 'hero', but that is no help, since it too is etymologically obscure."〔Chadwick, ''The Mycenaean World'' (Cambridge University Press) 1976:87.〕 A. J. van Windekens,〔Windekens, in ''Glotta'' 36 (1958), pp. 309-11.〕 offers "young cow, heifer", which is consonant with Hera's common epithet βοῶπις (''boōpis'', "cow-eyed"). R. S. P. Beekes has suggested a Pre-Greek origin.〔R. S. P. Beekes, ''Etymological Dictionary of Greek'', Brill, 2009, p. 524.〕 Her name is attested in Mycenaean Greek written in the Linear B syllabic script as , ''e-ra'', appearing on tablets found in Pylos and Thebes.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.palaeolexicon.com/ShowWord.aspx?Id=16725 ) 〕
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