|
Hereward the Wake (also known as Hereward the Outlaw or Hereward the Exile, c. 1035 – c.1072) was an 11th-century leader of local resistance to the Norman conquest of England. Hereward's base, when leading the rebellion against the Norman rulers, was in the Isle of Ely, and according to legend he roamed The Fens, covering North Cambridgeshire, Southern Lincolnshire and West Norfolk, leading popular opposition to William the Conqueror. ''Hereward'' is an Old English name, composed of the elements ''here'' "army" and ''weard'' "guard" (cognate with the Old High German name ''Heriwart'').〔Room, Adrian (1992) ''Brewer's Names'', London: Cassell, ISBN 0-304-34077-4〕 The epithet "the Wake" is recorded in the late 14th century, and may mean "the watchful", or derive from the Anglo-Norman Wake family who later claimed descent from him. ==Primary sources== Several primary sources exist for Hereward's life, though the accuracy of their information is difficult to evaluate. They are the version of the ''Anglo-Saxon Chronicle'' written at Peterborough Abbey (the "E manuscript" or Peterborough Chronicle), the ''Domesday Book'' (DB), the ''Liber Eliensis'' (Book of Ely) and, much the most detailed, the ''Gesta Herewardi'' (''Gesta''). To a small extent, they are sometimes mutually contradictory. For example, ''Gesta'' Chapter XXVIII places Hereward's attack on Peterborough Abbey after the Siege of Ely whereas the Peterborough Chronicle (1070) has it immediately before. This probably indicates, as the preface to the ''Gesta'' suggests, that conflicting oral legends about Hereward were already current in the Fenland in the late 11th and early 12th centuries. In addition, there may be some partisan bias in the early writers: the notice of Hereward in the Peterborough Chronicle, for instance, was written in a monastery which he was said to have sacked, some fifty years after the date of the raid.〔Peterborough Abbey, in the five or six years after the 1116 library fire there.〕 On the other hand, the original version of the ''Gesta'' was written in explicit praise of Hereward;〔''Gesta'' Chapter I〕 much of its information was provided by men who knew him personally, principally, if the preface is to be believed, a former colleague-in-arms and member of his father's former household named Leofric the Deacon.〔''Gesta'', Chapters I and XIX.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hereward the Wake」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|