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Hering–Breuer reflex
The Hering–Breuer inflation reflex, named for Josef Breuer and Ewald Hering,〔K. E. K. Hering. Die Selbststeuerung der Athmung durch den Nervus vagus. Sitzungsberichte der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch–naturwissenschaftliche Classe, Wien, 1868, 57 Band, II. Abtheilung: 672-677.〕〔Josef Breuer. Die Selbststeuerung der Athmung durch den Nervus vagus. Sitzungsberichte der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch–naturwissenschaftliche Classe, Wien, 1868, 58 Band, II. Abtheilung: 909-937.〕 is a reflex triggered to prevent over-inflation of the lung. Pulmonary stretch receptors present in the smooth muscle of the airways respond to excessive stretching of the lung during large inspirations.
Once activated, they send action potentials through large myelinated fibers of the vagus nerve to the inspiratory area in the medulla and pneumotaxic center of the pons. In response, the inspiratory area is inhibited directly and the apneustic center is inhibited from activating the inspiratory area. This inhibits inspiration, allowing expiration to occur.
The Hering–Breuer inflation reflex ought not be confused with the deflation reflex discovered by the same individuals, Hering and Breuer. The majority of this page discusses the ''inflation'' reflex; the deflation reflex is considered separately at the end.
==History==
Josef Breuer and Ewald Hering reported in 1868 that a maintained distention of the lungs of anesthetized animals decreased the frequency of the inspiratory effort or caused a transient apnea. The stimulus was therefore pulmonary inflation.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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