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The Hermannsdenkmal (German for "Hermann Monument") is a monument located southwest of Detmold in the district of Lippe, (North Rhine-Westphalia) in Germany. It stands on the densely forested ', a hill (elevation 386 m) in the Teutoburger Wald (Teutoburg Forest) range. The monument is located inside the remains of a circular rampart. The hill is sometimes also called ''Teutberg'' or short ''Teut''. The monument commemorates the Cherusci war chief Arminius (translated into German as ''Hermann'' or ''Armin'') and the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest in which the Germanic warriors under Arminius defeated three Roman legions under Varus in 9 AD. At the time it was built, the location of the statue was believed to have been very near the actual site of the battle, though it is now considered to be more likely that the battle actually took place near Kalkriese, a considerable distance to the west and north of the monument. ==Background== In 9 AD, Roman-educated Arminius, a member of the Cherusci, turned against his former allies of the Roman Empire and an alliance of tribes under his leadership defeated three Roman legions commanded by Publius Quinctilius Varus in what became known as the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest. This event later came to be seen as a vital turning point in Middle-European history as it may have been instrumental in limiting the advance of the Roman Empire into Germania. In the 16th century, Arminius was (mis-)translated into German as ''Hermann'' in the writing of Ulrich von Hutten (1529) and this name became established.〔 Germany was among those countries where nationalism became a rising force in the 18th century as opposition to aristocratic rule increased. Equating the nation with all of its people rather than just with its rulers was a revolutionary idea at the time. In Germany, it became entwined with the hopes of many for an end to the disunity that had ruled the Holy Roman Empire at least since the Peace of Westphalia. Nationalists wanted one of the German princes to unite all of Germany under a single rule. In this regard, Arminius came to be seen as a symbol, since he allegedly had "united" the Germanic tribes. Reports by Roman historians on internecine fighting among the tribes were deliberately ignored.〔 Arminius (or "Hermann") thus became a subject of popular literature such as Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock's three dramas on this topic (1769, 1784 and 1789). However, Heinrich von Kleist likely did most to popularise Arminius in Germany with his ''Hermannsschlacht'' (1808). At that point, the old Empire had been dissolved, the Kingdom of Prussia had been defeated and partially dismembered by Napoleon and all hopes of a German Great Power emerging in the foreseeable future seemed lost. In this situation, Arminius served as an historical role model ("Father of the German Nation") for those willing to continue the fight against the Empire of France, which was seen as the latest successor of the Roman Empire as an external enemy (via the Medieval Popes and the early modern Kingdom of France). The Congress of Vienna, which re-ordered Europe after Napoleon's final defeat, disappointed hopes for a unified Germany as the princes were mostly able to retain their independent powers in the new ''Deutscher Bund''.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hermannsdenkmal」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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