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Hermeneutics ( or )〔(Random House Unabridged Dictionary )〕 is the theory and methodology of text interpretation,〔(American Heritage Dictionary )〕〔(Merriam-Webster Dictionary )〕 especially the interpretation of biblical texts, wisdom literature, and philosophical texts. Hermeneutics was initially applied to the interpretation, or exegesis, of scripture. It emerged as a theory of human understanding through the work of Friedrich Schleiermacher, Wilhelm Dilthey, Martin Heidegger, Hans-Georg Gadamer, Paul Ricoeur, and Jacques Derrida.〔International Institute for Hermeneutics (About Hermenutics ). Retrieved: 2015-11-08.〕 Modern hermeneutics includes both verbal and nonverbal communication as well as semiotics, presuppositions, and preunderstandings. The terms "hermeneutics" and "exegesis" are sometimes used interchangeably. Hermeneutics is a wider discipline which includes written, verbal, and nonverbal communication. Exegesis focuses primarily upon texts. Hermeneutic, as a singular noun, refers to some particular method of interpretation (see, in contrast, double hermeneutic). "Hermeneutic consistency" refers to the analysis of texts to achieve a coherent explanation of them. "Philosophical hermeneutics" refers primarily to the theory of knowledge initiated by Martin Heidegger and developed by Hans-Georg Gadamer in his ''Truth and Method'' (1960). It sometimes refers to the theories of Paul Ricœur.〔 p. 2〕 ==Etymology== ''Hermeneutics'' is derived from the Greek word (''hermeneuō'', "translate, interpret"),〔Klein, Ernest, ''A complete etymological dictionary of the English language: dealing with the origin of words and their sense development, thus illustrating the history of civilization and culture'', Elsevier, Oxford, 2000, p. 344.〕 from (''hermeneus'', "translator, interpreter"), of uncertain etymology (R. S. P. Beekes has suggested a Pre-Greek origin).〔R. S. P. Beekes, ''Etymological Dictionary of Greek'', Brill, 2009, p. 462.〕 The technical term (''hermeneia'', "interpretation, explanation") was introduced into philosophy mainly through the title of Aristotle's work ''On Interpretation'', commonly referred to by its Latin title ''De Interpretatione''. It is one of the earliest (c. 360 B.C.) extant philosophical works in the Western tradition to deal with the relationship between language and logic in a comprehensive, explicit and formal way. The early usage of "hermeneutics" places it within the boundaries of the sacred.〔Grondin, Jean (1994). Introduction to Philosophical Hermeneutics. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-05969-8. p. 21.〕 A divine message must be received with implicit uncertainty regarding its truth. This ambiguity is an irrationality; it is a sort of madness that is inflicted upon the receiver of the message. Only one who possesses a rational method of interpretation (i.e., a hermeneutic) could determine the truth or falsity of the message.〔Grondin, Jean (1994). Introduction to Philosophical Hermeneutics. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-05969-8. pp. 21–22.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hermeneutics」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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