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Heuristic
A heuristic technique (; , "find" or "discover"), often called simply a heuristic, is any approach to problem solving, learning, or discovery that employs a practical method not guaranteed to be optimal or perfect, but sufficient for the immediate goals. Where finding an optimal solution is impossible or impractical, heuristic methods can be used to speed up the process of finding a satisfactory solution. Heuristics can be mental shortcuts that ease the cognitive load of making a decision. Examples of this method include using a rule of thumb, an educated guess, an intuitive judgment, stereotyping, profiling, or common sense.
More precisely, heuristics are strategies derived from experience with similar problems, using readily accessible, though loosely applicable, information to control problem solving in human beings, machines, and abstract issues.〔Pearl, Judea (1983). ''Heuristics: Intelligent Search Strategies for Computer Problem Solving''. New York, Addison-Wesley, p. vii. ISBN 978-0-201-05594-8〕
== Example ==
The most fundamental heuristic is trial and error, which can be used in everything from matching nuts and bolts to finding the values of variables in algebra problems.
Here are a few other commonly used heuristics, from George Pólya's 1945 book, ''How to Solve It'':〔Pólya, George (1945) ''How to Solve It: A New Aspect of Mathematical Method'', Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-02356-5 ISBN 0-691-08097-6〕
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